三维激光扫描技术在变形监测中的应用

随着激光扫描硬件设备的升级优化,三维激光扫描仪与其他设备更加易于集成,数据采集简单迅速,可实时处理点云数据,快速构建三维模型.与传统变形监测方法相比,将三维模型用于变形监测更加全面,自动化、智能化强度高,实时性好,且精度高.本文简单介绍了三维激光扫描系统的国内外研究现状、工作原理和分类,与传统变形监测方法作了比较,详细分析了三维激光扫描系统在变形监测中的应用.     

基于Bernese软件对卫星定轨实时计算

利用GPS广播星历计算卫星坐标是GPS实时定位中的重要部分,卫星轨道精度对GPS定位结果有很大影响。依据Bernese卫星定轨流程,利用Fortran语言实现了卫星轨道处理程序,并通过实例对计算得到的卫星轨道坐标与Bernese5.0软件处理的广播星历和精密星历得到结果进行比较分析,误差均小于±2.5m,程序定位效果良好,证实了自编程序的可行性。     

浑厚山体随高程增加由表及里地震动响应研究

为探究浑厚山体不同高程由表及里地震动响应规律,以冷竹关山体为例,采用离散元软件建立地形与风化介质组合模型,并从底部边界输入汶川地震波信号,研究该山体两侧边坡的内外动力响应规律。结果表明,随着高程的增加,靠大渡河一侧边坡坡体内与坡表的加速度放大系数均表现出先增大后减小的节律性变化,在近坡顶时增大较快并达到最大值;靠近瓦斯沟一侧边坡坡表受地形起伏的影响,加速度放大系数存在凸坡放大、凹坡减小的特征;相同高程,随边坡由表及里深度的增加,加速度放大系数表现为逐步减小,当距坡表150~200 m时放大曲线趋于平缓;随高程的增加,加速度放大系数由表及里的减小速度变缓,且放大曲线收敛平缓的深度增大;随岩体风化程度的增加,岩体介质波速降低,共振效应使得加速度响应增大,与此同时,斜坡地形与介质组合效应使得坡表峰值加速度放大系数在2.0附近。     

基于数据驱动的时间序列b值计算新方法(TbDD):以2021年云南漾濞Ms6.4地震序列为例

时间序列的b值在天然地震和工业开采诱发地震的危险性分析中具有重要的应用潜力,但长期以来受到计算规则设置的人为主观性、计算结果的可靠性和时序对突变识别精度不高等问题影响,制约了不同结果的可比较性和共识性科学认识的提炼.本文借鉴基于数据驱动(data-driven)的地震活动参数计算思路,采用连续函数形式的OK1993模型、时间轴随机段落划分、贝叶斯信息准则模型选择等技术环节,构建了基于数据驱动的时间序列b值计算新方法TbDD.利用合成地震目录的理论测试,并分别与固定地震数目的窗长和步长、固定地震数目的步长和累积窗长等传统的固定窗口法进行了比较研究.结果表明,TbDD方法可较好地还原合成地震目录的b.值输入参数,在计算规则设置的客观性和对b值突变过程的准确识别上具有明显优势.此外,我们还对新近发生的2021年5月21日云南漾濞Ms6.4地震序列进行了实际案例应用.结果显示,此次序列的b值在Ms6.4主震前为0.7左右、震前20 h出现了约0.1幅度的下降,表明在序列发生前震区的差应力水平较高.而b值在Ms6.4主震发生后起伏明显、逐渐增加至0.8左右,这一现象可能与震区在主震后早期较为剧烈的应力调整有关.进一步针对随机模型的数量以及时间轴的随机段落划分设置对TbDD方法b值计算结果的影响程度进行了测试,发现b值受随机模型数量影响较小、具备较强的稳定性,时间轴的随机段落划分设置可影响b值时序微观起伏变化的识别.本文发展的TbDD方法在对时间序列b值计算的准确性、余震趋势跟踪的高精度要求,以及工业开采诱发地震风险管控等领域有较好的应用潜力,所获得的2021年云南漾濞Ms6.4地震序列的b值计算结果也对理解此次地震序列的孕育过程有参考价值.     

Quaternary Sporopollen Records and Environmental Evolution in the Dalangtan of Qaidam Basin

正Since the Quaternary,very thick lacustrine sediments have been deposited in Dalangtan of Qaidam Basin.Based on a study of high-resolution sporopollen analysis on the Dalangtan ZK06 drilling,and paleomagnetic dating     

Discovery and Significance of Malan Loess on the Piedmont Plain in Pinggu District,Beijing

The platforms on both sides of the Malangou River （a lateral ditch of the Qingshui River that is a tributary of the Yongding River） where Malan Village in Zhaitang Town of Mentougou District of Beijing is located are the place of China＇s typical section of the Quaternary Malan loess. During the investigation in the eastern suburbs of Beijing City, the authors not only clarified 5 grades of terraces on the Pinggu piedmont plain, but also found a clayey silt section mixed with a small amount of alluvial-diluvial gravel layers at a height of 15-25 m above the river level near a Fishpond in Xinli Village of Nandule Town. Results of the study of grain size of the section document that the loess mostly is silty soil （0.05--0.005 mm）, and that the grain size probability cumulative curves of the section are dominated by single-peak, coarse-grained segment I and coarse-grained segment II types, reflecting that its depositional environment is similar to eolian phase. Identification results of heavy minerals from the section show that their contents account for 0.01%-0.11%, averaging 0.04%. There are 24 kinds of heavy minerals, most of which are stable heavy minerals, and the clay minerals mostly are illite, which is consistent with the Malan loess on the Loess Plateau. The chemical composition data reflect that the source area of the loess is relatively arid. The six grade classification of sporopollen in the section further shows the subdivision of the history of alternating warm and humid phases in this geological period. The thermoluminescence dating results range from 21.0 ka to 59.2 ka, convincingly demonstrating that the section indeed consists of Malan loess. The above studies provide a new basis for overall understanding of the distribution of the Malan loess at the northeast margin of the North China Plain and its environment change in the Late Pleistocene.     

批量地籍图入库程序设计方法

本文根据作者在工作期间所参与的吉林省地籍图数据入库建设工程项目,介绍了地籍图数据建库的基本思路及作者所编写的地籍图入库程序的设计方法及其功能,使用方法和所解决的实际问题等。     

2个重组海带α-碳酸酐酶(CA)的酶活性比较研究

为了探究海带(Saccharina japonica)α-CA1和α-CA2是否具有催化CO₂的可逆水合反应和酯酶活性,作者通过原核表达得到这两种α-CA的可溶性的异源重组蛋白。分别用电极法和酯酶活性检测法来检测重组α-CA1(rα-CA1)和rα-CA2的水合酶活性和酯酶活性,结果发现,rα-CA1的水合酶活性(1.52±0.120 U/mg)几乎是rα-CA2(0.54±0.046 U/mg)的3倍,表明rα-CA1催化CO₂的水合能力明显大于rα-CA2。而两者的酯酶活性并没有显著的差别(rα-CA1比活力:0.697±0.176 U/g,rα-CA2比活力:0.743±0.129 U/g),说明催化乙酸对硝基苯酯(p-NPA)生成对硝基苯酚(p-NP)的能力是没有显著差别的。实验结果证实这2个α-CA为功能蛋白,可能参与海带无机碳吸收和储存过程,因此,本研究为海带无机碳吸收和储存机制的解析提供了生物化学依据。     

黄河流域兰州段生态环境与高质量发展耦合协调关系研究

环境保护作为新常态时代下我国推进生态流域文明体系建设的关键环节,推进黄河流域地区生态环境治理已成为生态文明建设的重要内容。通过选取我国黄河流域唯一被干流贯通的省会城市兰州市为研究对象,根据2010—2019年黄河流域兰州段统计资料,构建了黄河流域兰州段生态环境及高质量发展水平评价指标体系,并利用熵权法构建耦合度模型,全面解析和综合评估了生态环境与高质量发展的耦合水平特征。结果表明：黄河流域兰州段生态环境水平并不高,呈“恶化-好转-恶化-好转”的态势,而高质量发展水平呈“降-升-降-升-降-升”的波动态势。总体来看,兰州市生态环境与高质量发展协调性有待加强,应充分考虑黄河流域整体性特征,坚持生态保护优先原则,同步推进产业的专业化整合与转型升级,提升城市综合治理能力,在城乡融合发展基础上优化城市功能结构布局,最终实现人居生态环境可持续发展。     

Anthropogenic origin of a change in the fire-climate relationship in northern China after ~2000 yr BP: Evidence from a 15,500-year black carbon record from Dali Lake

There are debates regarding whether a wet and warm climate or a dry and cold climate dominated Holocene fire activity in northern China on the millennial timescale, and when human activities overtook climate change as the dominant control on fire occurrence in the region. Here we present a high-resolution fire history for the past ~15,500 years from a sediment core in Dali Lake, located in the foothills of the Greater Hinggan Mountains, one of the areas of highest fire risk in China. The results demonstrate that fire activity was rare during the last deglaciation (~15,500-11,700 yr BP), gradually increased at the beginning of the Holocene, and reached its highest level during ~9000-5000 yr BP, after which there was a decreasing trend. However, after ~2000 yr BP this decreasing trend ended, and the most prominent feature is a peak in fire activity during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP). Overall, fire activity corresponded well to changes in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation on the millennial timescale during ~15,500-2000 yr BP, but this relationship changed after ~2000 yr BP. We propose that fire activity in northern China on the millennial timescale during ~15,500-2000 yr BP was dominated by the biofuels reserve under the control of the EASM precipitation. In contrast, with the intensification of human activities after ~2000 yr BP, human activity caused a ~62%-73% increase in fire activity, which altered the fire-climate relationship that had previously prevailed in northern China. Our results indicate that a wet-warm climate (increased EASM intensity), rather than a dry-cold climate, was the dominant control on fire activity in northern China during 15,500-2000 yr BP on the millennial timescale, but that human activities played an important role in fire occurrence after ~2000 yr BP.