焦作市某碱渣堆放场对岩溶水氯离子污染的初步研究

结合某碱渣堆放场的水文地质状况,通过对碱渣的静溶和淋溶试验,分析了淋滤液中氯离子的析出过程,探讨了碱渣堆放场对岩溶地下水中氯离子污染的影响。通过实验数据的分析,认为该渣场对焦作市岩溶地下水氯离子浓度的升高具有很大的影响。在此基础上应用数学拟合方法,进行了碱渣淋滤总量的估算,认为碱渣场在其建成的13年以来,共向焦作市岩溶水排放的氯离子总量高达35k t之多。      

基于WebGL的航道数据组织与三维可视化方法

针对Web端进行航道构建与三维可视化时遇到的海量数据组织困难、即时显示效率低的问题,提出了一种多维度数据索引构建方法,利用多层次网格索引将空间分布特征和时空关联关系索引到数据中,实现了海量水深数据的快速增量入库和高效检索;提出了一种基于边界约束的航道地形模型构建方法,利用alpha-shape算法提取自适应边界,并对D...     

地幔柱及其成矿作用综述

地幔柱理论在成矿学中的应用使对矿质来源的研究与地球的演化联系起来,而不再是简单地识别地壳来源或地幔来源.文章系统介绍了地幔柱特征、地幔柱成矿机制、地幔柱的演化对成矿的控制及地幔柱成矿系统.     

BDS-3单基站差分定位性能提升分析

针对BDS-3的载波相位动态差分定位性能仍未确定的问题,本文提出了一种分析BDS-3动态差分定位性能的方法。选用中国上海4个参考站2019年第305天所采集的GNSS观测数据,分为两种不同长度基线的情况,进行单基线差分定位解算,通过试验详细地分析了增加使用BDS-3卫星对定位性能提升的情况。试验结果表明,相对于BDS-2卫星,增加使用BDS-3卫星后,可增加3~6颗可见卫星,能够增强卫星空间几何结构。对于短基线情况,载波相位差分定位模糊度固定的成功率从89.3%增加至92.3%,N、E、U 3个方向RMS统计结果分别提高了4%、43.23%及35.60%。该方法能够加快中长基线参数估计的收敛速度,并获得厘米级定位精度。     

2013年暖季试验概述

2013年,国家气象中心联合中国气象科学研究院、南京大学、中国科学院大气物理研究所开展暖季试验,探索业务单位与科研单位合作的新途径,以实现对业务相关研究的促进并加速有应用前景的技术向业务转化。本文介绍支持暖季试验的仿真业务环境、强天气联合会商及凝练的科学技术问题以及新技术应用测试转化结果。通过暖季试验,搭建起能对业务数据和被测试转化成果产品实时保障的仿真业务数据环境、完全仿业务定量降水预报和强对流天气预报的仿真业务分析预报交互平台以及能实时评估业务数值模式和测试模式产品的客观检验系统。定期联合会商为预报员和科学家提供了面对面的交流平台,使得科学家更加了解业务需求并通过分析研究解决部分会商中提出的科学技术问题。新技术应用测试转化试验表明： 高分辨率中尺度数值模式对提升强对流和暴雨天气的预报水平有积极意义,雷达风场反演技术、卫星天气应用平台对中尺度天气的快速分析有意义。而预报员与科技成果研发人员能否密切合作是影响科技成果业务转化的重要因素。     

滇西腾冲新岐花岗岩年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

为探明滇西腾冲地区含矿花岗岩特征、钨锡多金属矿的成矿与成岩关系,以及花岗岩在区域构造上的意义,对腾冲新岐地区古永岩体与新岐岩体开展了系统的地球化学研究。结果表明,两岩体均具有高硅、高钾、富碱、富铝、低钛等特征。其CaO/Na2O、Rb/Ba、Rb/Sr值反应其源岩为富黏土质砂岩,微量及稀土特征差异表明其具有不同的结晶演化过程。锆石U-Pb定年获得古永岩体的成岩年龄为62.9±1.9Ma,新岐岩体的成岩年龄为61.9±1.4Ma,表明二者应为同时或近乎同时侵入于该地区,在形成年代上无明显界限。在区域上,两岩体成岩年龄与冈底斯林子宗火成岩年龄60~64.47Ma相当,是冈底斯东南缘对印度板块与欧亚板块初始碰撞的响应。     

基于ArcGIS的土地利用现状图缩编方法研究

从ArcGIS的制图综合功能出发,结合相关的制图综合理论,提出基于ArcGIS平台的人机交互式缩编技术方法,并对其中关键过程的处理技巧进行阐述.     

The Role of Changes in the Annual Cycle in Earlier Onset of Climatic Spring in Northern China

Climatic changes in the onset of spring in northern China associated with changes in the annual cycle and with a recent warming trend were quantified using a recently developed adaptive data analysis tool, the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition. The study was based on a homogenized daily surface air temperature (SAT) dataset for the period 1955–2003. The annual cycle here is referred to as a refined modulated annual cycle (MAC). The results show that spring at Beijing has arrived significantly earlier by about 2.98 d (10 yr)-1, of which about 1.85 d (10 yr)-1 is due to changes in the annual cycle and 1.13 d (10 yr)-1 due to the long-term warming trend. Variations in the MAC component explain about 92.5% of the total variance in the Beijing daily SAT series and could cause as much as a 20-day shift in the onset of spring from one year to another. The onset of spring has been advancing all over northern China, but more significant in the east than in the west part of the region. These differences are somehow unexplainable by the zonal pattern of the warming trend over the whole region, but can be explained by opposite changes in the spring phase of the MAC, i.e. advancing in the east while delaying in the west. In the east of northern China, the change in the spring phase of MAC explains 40%–60% of the spring onset trend and is attributable to a weakening Asian winter monsoon. The average sea level pressure in Siberia (55°–80°N, 50°–110°E), an index of the strength of the winter monsoon, could serve as a potential short-term predictor for the onset of spring in the east of northern China.     

Changes in Wind Speed and Extremes in Beijing during 1960--2008 Based on Homogenized Observations

Daily observations of wind speed at 12 stations in the Greater Beijing Area during 1960–2008 were homogenized using the Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization method. The linear trends in the regional mean annual and seasonal (winter, spring, summer and autumn) wind speed series were-0.26,-0.39,-0.30,-0.12 and-0.22 m s-1 (10 yr)-1 , respectively. Winter showed the greatest magnitude in declining wind speed, followed by spring, autumn and summer. The annual and seasonal frequencies of wind speed extremes (days) also decreased, more prominently for winter than for the other seasons. The declining trends in wind speed and extremes were formed mainly by some rapid declines during the 1970s and 1980s. The maximum declining trend in wind speed occurred at Chaoyang (CY), a station within the central business district (CBD) of Beijing with the highest level of urbanization. The declining trends were in general smaller in magnitude away from the city center, except for the winter case in which the maximum declining trend shifted northeastward to rural Miyun (MY). The influence of urbanization on the annual wind speed was estimated to be about-0.05 m s-1 (10 yr)-1 during 1960–2008, accounting for around one fifth of the regional mean declining trend. The annual and seasonal geostrophic wind speeds around Beijing, based on daily mean sea level pressure (MSLP) from the ERA-40 reanalysis dataset, also exhibited decreasing trends, coincident with the results from site observations. A comparative analysis of the MSLP fields between 1966–1975 and 1992–2001 suggested that the influences of both the winter and summer monsoons on Beijing were weaker in the more recent of the two decades. It is suggested that the bulk of wind in Beijing is influenced considerably by urbanization, while changes in strong winds or wind speed extremes are prone to large-scale climate change in the region.