泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)病原温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)分子鉴定及耐药性研究

采用常规生理生化特性测定及16SrRNA、gyrB及rpoD基因同源性检索与系统发育学分析等分子生物学方法,对引起养殖泥鳅大量死亡的病原细菌进行了综合鉴定。生理生化特性结果表明,分离菌株NQ090701与气单胞菌属的温和气单胞菌相近;16SrRNA、gyrB及rpoD基因Blast序列同源性检索与系统发育学分析均与温和气单胞菌相似性最高;综合形态与生理生化特征及16SrRNA、gyrB与rpoD基因的分子特征,确认分离菌株NQ090701为温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)。同时,采用试管稀释法测定了养殖生产中常用的10种抗菌药物对病原温和气单胞菌的体外最小杀菌浓度(Minimal Bactericidal Concentration,MBC),结果表明氟哌酸杀菌作用最好,其次为盐酸沙拉沙星;甲砜霉素和复方磺胺甲恶唑在所试验的药物浓度范围对温和气单胞菌无杀菌效果。     

两种短期概率预测模型在2017年九寨沟7.0级地震中的应用和比较研究

本文选用"传染型余震序列"（ETAS）模型和Reasenberg-Jones（R-J）模型,分别对九寨沟M_S7.0地震序列的模型参数稳定性、余震发生率预测和余震概率预测进行了比较研究,并利用"地震信息增益"（IGPE）、N-test和T-test检验方法对预测效果进行了评价.研究结果表明,ETAS模型和R-J模型的序列参数分别在震后t₂=2.0天和t₂=1.50天后趋于稳定,此次九寨沟M_S7.0地震序列的衰减较为正常;对未来1天的余震发生率预测和余震概率连续滑动预测表明,ETAS模型给出的余震发生率和余震概率数值均低于R-J模型预测结果;IGPE结果显示,ETAS模型在95%的置信区间上预测效果明显优于R-J模型;统计检验结果表明,在序列参数较不稳定的震后早期阶段,ETAS模型预测失效而R-J模型预测效果较好,在序列参数稳定阶段,ETAS模型预测效果较好而R-J模型预测失效.根据上述分析,在与此次九寨沟M_S7.0地震类型相同的地震的余震预测策略上,如可在序列参数不稳定的震后早期阶段使用R-J模型、在此后使用ETAS模型,或可取得较好的预测效果.     

APPLICATION OF SFM PHOTOGRAMMETRY METHOD TO THE QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF ACTIVE TECTONICS

High-precision and high-resolution topographic data are the basis of quantitative study of active tectonics. The appearance and rapid development of photogrammetry method provide an economical and effective technical means for obtaining high precision terrain data. Compared with traditional measurement methods, the photogrammetry method can be carried out in a wide range without being limited by the ground visibility conditions, and the measurement cost is also relatively low. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of computer vision theory and efficient automatic feature matching algorithm, a 3D reconstruction technique called "Structure from Motion"(SfM)was introduced into the photogrammetry method, greatly improving the automation of the photogrammetry method. This paper mainly introduces the basic principle and the development of photogrammetry method, and also summarizes the application of photogrammetry method in the study of active tectonics, and finally demonstrates the great application potential of photogrammetry method in the quantitative study of active tectonics by displaying a specific application example.     

ANALYSIS ON DISASTER CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MS5.4 CANGWU,GUANGXI EARTHQUAKE,JULY, 31th, 2016

On July 31^th, 2016, a moderately strong earthquake of M_S5.4 hit the Cangwu County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The focal depth of this earthquake is about 10 kilometers. This earthquake occurred in the junction area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Hunan Province and Guangdong Province. Nanning, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other cities felt this earthquake. The Cangwu County disaster area is unique in terms of geographical position, tectonic geology, landform, economic development situation, population distribution and climate condition, etc. Based on the investigation to the earthquake hit area, and the analysis of its special natural environment, social economical conditions and humanities, seven general disaster characteristics of the Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake are summarized from the point of view of earthquake disaster emergency rescue and reconstruction. namely, the low population density in the disaster area, the single building structure type and the low-level economic development, the short duration of ground motion, the small number and low magnitude of aftershocks, no large landslide, debris flow and other secondary geological disasters caused by this earthquake, the area is prone to typhoon and other climate disasters which are likely to aggravate earthquake disaster, and the earthquake occurred in an area of weak seismicity in South China. This paper introduces the basic situation of the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake and analyzes the seven disaster characteristics of this earthquake. In order to better respond to moderate-strong earthquake in weak seismicity regions of South China, this paper summarizes some experience and revelations about the earthquake in the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake emergency response process, and puts forward some corresponding countermeasures of earthquake disaster reduction in weak seismicity regions in southern China. In the future work, we should pay more attention to pre-disaster prevention, and strengthen earthquake-monitoring capability. In order to reduce the casualties caused by collapse of houses, we should improve the seismic fortification standards of houses, carry out relevant researches on earthquake damage prevention measures of karst areas. And in order to carry out comprehensive disaster reduction, we should strengthen cooperation with the meteorological department, and carry out more comprehensive earthquake emergency drills.     

USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE PHOTOGRAMMETRY TECHNOLOGY TO OBTAIN QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF ACTIVE TECTONICS

With the development of photogrammetry technology and the popularity of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)technology in recent years, using UAV photogrammetry technology to rapidly acquire high precision and high resolution topographic and geomorphic data on the fault zone has gradually become an important technical means. This paper first summarizes the basic principle and workflow of a new digital photogrammetry technology, SfM (Structure from Motion), which is simple, efficient and low cost. Using this technology, we conducted aerial image acquisition and data processing for a typical fault landform on the northern of Caka Basin in Qinghai. The digital elevation model (DEM)with 6.1cm/pix resolution is generated and the density of point cloud is as high as 273 points/m². The coverage area is 0.463km². Further, the terrain and slope data parallel to the fault direction are extracted by topographic analysis method, and combined with the contour map and the slope diagram generated by the DEM, a fine interpretation and quantitative study of complex multilevel geomorphic surfaces is carried out. Finally, based on the results of sophisticated interpretation of geomorphology, we got the vertical displacements of the T₁ terrace to the T₃ terrace as (1.01±0.06)m, (1.37±0.13)m and (3.10±0.11)m, and the minimum vertical displacements of the T₄ terrace and the T₅ terrace as (3.77±0.14)m and (5.46±0.26)m, respectively, through the topographic profile data extracted by DEM. Such vertical displacement parameters are difficult to obtain directly by traditional remote sensing images, which shows the great application prospect of UAV photogrammetry technology in the quantitative study of active tectonics.     

江汉平原湖群藻相特征及其环境状况评价

于2011年4月—2012年5月丰、平、枯3个水期对江汉平原水面面积为10 km2以上的22个湖泊进行了水质和藻类同步监测.结果显示:江汉平原主要湖泊中鉴定出藻类7门100属191种(亚种、变种),其中蓝藻门17属29种,绿藻门45属99种,硅藻门26属40种,隐藻门2属5种,裸藻门4属9种,甲藻门3属5种,金藻门3属4种;全年平均藻细胞丰度为0.93×106~84.18×106cells/L,细胞丰度以蓝藻门最高(50.65%),其次是绿藻门(29.56%),再次是硅藻门(12.30%)、隐藻门(6.19%)、裸藻门(0.56%)、甲藻门(0.39%)和金藻门(0.35%);丰水期生物量显著高于平水期和枯水期,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数年均值在1.44~2.10之间,丰水期的多样性指数略高于其他水期;藻类种类组成及优势种有明显的季节变化和空间差异.依据藻相特征的PCA分析将22个湖泊分为4个类群,不同类群具有显著不同的环境状况,氮磷营养负荷、水质状况和开发利用程度的不同是导致湖泊分化的内在原因;研究结果显示,江汉平原湖群总体上属于轻度污染状况,水体主要是中营养状态,丰水期与枯水期的湖泊生态环境状况具有显著差异;以藻相特征判断22个湖泊存在明显的时空异质性,部分湖泊因过度开发利用存在严重的富营养化风险;基于湖泊生态状况的显著时空异质性,对江汉平原湖群的管理应"因湖而异"制订科学合理的方法.     

基于EOF和REOF的1470-1911年黄河中下游地区旱涝空间分布特征分析

基于通过历史文献资料重建的1470—1911年黄河中下游地区36个站点的历史旱涝等级序列和矢量化的历史地图,利用EOF、REOF方法分析旱涝灾害空间特征。EOF方法展开的结果表明：前4个模态累计方差贡献率为71.85%,主要表现为第一、二、四特征向量场呈经向带状分布,第三特征向量场呈纬向分布;第一特征向量场的空间分布均为正值,说明黄河中下游地区的旱涝变化具有一致性,但是其余各特征向量场之间特点差异明显,说明在不同背景场和影响条件下,旱涝变化还存在较多局域性特征;REOF展开的结果可将黄河中下游地区旱涝划分为5个典型的敏感气候分区,这为进一步研究该区旱涝变化的区域性特征奠定了基础。     

基于机载LiDAR数据的建筑物轮廓提取

建筑物轮廓作为建筑物三维重建的重要元素,在建立智慧城市和数字城市中至关重要。本文针对从机载激光雷达点云中提取建筑物轮廓数据处理的点云滤波、建筑物屋顶面提取、建筑物轮廓提取,以及提取精度评定各环节存在的一些问题,提出了一种综合区域生长改进算法、三维Hough变换算法和α-shape算法的建筑物轮廓提取方法。该方法在对机载LiDAR点云数据去噪的基础上,首先利用改进的区域生长算法滤波地面点,并基于地物点到地面的归一化高程特征通过高度阈值去除高度较为低矮的地物点;再基于三维Hough变换算法从剩余建筑物和高大树木点云中提取建筑物平面;最后使用α-shape算法提取建筑物的轮廓信息。对使用RIEGLVQ-1560i机载激光雷达测量系统扫描的某城区点云数据进行计算,通过匹配度、形状相似度和位置精度等评价指标对提取的建筑物轮廓进行精度评定。结果表明,综合区域生长改进算法、三维Hough变换算法和α-shape算法的建筑物轮廓提取方法可以准确提取建筑物的轮廓信息,对于大范围的建筑物轮廓提取具有稳定性和普遍适用性。     

国家应急测绘前线勘测系统设计与建设

针对当前应急测绘前线勘测的实际问题,本文分析了应急测绘前线勘测的任务需求,提出了国家级应急测绘前线勘测系统的设计方案,阐述了应急测绘前线勘测系统的总体功能、工作流程、组成和接口的技术设计思路,形成了集成数据获取—数据处理—成果传输—现场制图输出—现场地理信息服务—远程视频会商—现场生活保障的一站式、一体化的应急测绘前线勘测技术装备,通过合理布局设计实现了应急测绘前线勘测工作的全国覆盖。这对于提升我国应急测绘前线勘测技术能力、构建国家级应急测绘保障体系具有重要意义。     

上新世以来南海海水表层温度（SST）的变化

The reconstruction of sea surface temperature(SST) is a key issue in research on paleoceanography. The recently related studies are mainly concentrated on the Quaternary. The skeletons of a typical species of benthonic foraminifer(Amphistegina radiata) in the top 0–375.30 m interval of Well "Xike-1" reef core, Shidao Island, the Xisha Islands, are uniformly selected. The ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations and other indicators are analyzed by an electron microprobe analysis(EMPA) with the purpose of estimating the paleo-SSTs since the Pliocene and further investigating the periodic change law of paleoclimate in the South China Sea(SCS).Meanwhile, the geologic significance of paleoclimatic events in the SCS is discussed with global perspectives. The results indicate that the paleo-SSTs reconstructed by the ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations in the SCS show a general periodic trend of "high–low–high–low" in values changes since the Pliocene. By comparison,the fluctuations of reconstructed paleo-SSTs are much stronger in the Quaternary. Moreover, the variations of the ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations in the A. radiata skeletons have recorded a series of major paleoclimatic events since the Pliocene, of which the Quaternary glaciation events and the Arctic ice cap forming events during the late Pliocene are more significant. Thus, using the changes of the ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations in the A. radiata skeletons from Well "Xike-1" reef core to reflect the relative changes of paleo-SSTs is a relatively feasible and reliable way in the SCS, which is also proved by the correlation of drilling cores characteristics in this area.