周围型肺错构瘤的多层螺旋CT表现

目的:探讨肺错构瘤的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现,以提高CT诊断水平.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的32例肺错构瘤的MSCT平扫及22例MSCT动态增强扫描的特点.结果:MSCT上所有结节边缘光滑.结节内含有脂肪密度(无钙化)的12例,占37.5%,既有脂肪又有钙化的8例,占25.0%,只有钙化的2例,占6.3%.增强扫描(22例)强化值<20HU的20例,占90.9%,强化形态呈间隔状强化16例,占72.7%.结论:肺错构瘤的MSCT表现有一定的特征性,边缘光滑、结节内含有脂肪和钙化有助于诊断,动态MSCT增强扫描有助于与周围型肺癌的鉴别诊断.     

DISCUSSION ON THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF ZHAN-JIANG BAY AREA FROM THE VIEW OF DEEP FAULT SYSTEM INTERPRETED BASED ON THE GRAVITY DATA

The neotectonics in Zhanjiang Bay area is almost the inferred faults and there are not any active faults seen on the ground surface. So it is difficult for research on the seismogenic structure. This paper analyzes and interpretes the gravity data that can reflect the feature of deep faults and then discusses the seismogenic structure of Zhanjiang Bay area in combination with its geology and earthquake activity. There is a huge NEE-trending high gravity gradient belt lying in the coastal region among Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan, and Zhanjiang Bay is located in this gravity gradient belt. We analyzed and interpreted more than eighty images obtained with many different methods one by one, then, got the result that Zhanjiang Bay area is embraced by two giant fault belts trending in the NEE and NW direction respectively, and its interior is crossed over by the NE-trending fault belt. These three fault belts are well shown in the gravity images, especially the NEE-trending fault belt and NW one. The gravity isolines and gradient belts or the thick black stripes of the NEE-and NW-trending fault belts are displayed apparently. Also, these gravity structures are good in continuity, extend vastly and cut deeply. What is more, the NEE-trending fault belt plays a leading and region-controlling part. It shows good continuity, and cuts off the NW-and NE-trending faults frequently and intensively. The NW-trending fault belt also is good in continuity and cuts the NEE-and NE-trending faults relatively frequently and strongly, but it is restricted by the NEE-trending one. Last, the continuity of the NE-trending fault is worse and the strength cutting off NE-and NW-trending faults is significantly weak, just in some segments and in the shallow positions. According to the characteristics above and combined with the analyses of geological structure and earthquake activity, the conclusion can be drawn that the NEE-trending fault is the controlling structure and the main seismogenic structure in Zhanjiang Bay area, and the NW-trending fault is the second one. They conjugate and act together. Therefore, Zhanjiang Bay has the tectonic condition for generating M_S=6.5 earthquakes.     

气候变暖下青藏高原冻土路基地温场演化规律研究

冻土物理力学特性与温度密切相关,气候变暖背景下冻土路基地温场的分布和演化规律不仅会影响到路基的静力稳定性,还会影响到其在地震、车辆等动力荷载作用下的响应特征与稳定性。为此,基于现场实测路基坡面温度,系统开展气候变暖背景下青藏高原典型(东西、南北、45°)走向条件下冻土路基地温场分布及演化规律的模拟研究。结果表明,阴阳坡侧浅层土体冻结指数差异较融化指数差异更为显著,东西走向下阴坡冻结指数约为阳坡的2倍,而融化指数约为阳坡的0.83。阴阳坡侧路基本体及活动层季节冻融过程存在明显不同步,东西走向条件下阴坡冻结期(融化期)可较阳坡侧长(短)约1个月。路基修筑后,阴坡一侧路基下部人为上限均有一定的抬升,而阳坡仅南北走向有抬升。此后,在气候变暖及沥青路面吸热效应下,路基人为上限不断下降,最大速率可达20cm/a,且逐步出现融化夹层,其中阳坡融化夹层厚度普遍大于阴坡,差值最大可达2.5m。路基本体季节冻融过程的不同步、人为上限埋深及冻土地温分布的不对称性应在未来青藏高原冻土路基静力、动力稳定性设计和研究中予以考虑。     

2019年6月17日四川长宁MS6.0地震早期序列参数分析及强余震概率预测

2019年6月17日四川长宁发生M_S6.0地震, 之后发生了一系列的强余震, 为更好地分析此次地震的序列特征以及强余震的可预测属性, 采用国际上对复杂序列拟合相对较好的“传染型余震序列”(ETAS)模型以及基于Reseanberg-Jones(R-J)模型发展的Omi-R-J模型, 通过连续滑动、 拟合和余震发生率预测, 对地震序列的模型参数稳定性、 预测结果进行了比较研究, 并利用N-test、 T-test检验方法对预测结果进行了效能评估。 结果表明, 相比于其他中强震序列参数, 此次长宁M_S6.0地震序列参数中反映激发能力的αETAS较其他序列明显偏小, 而反映衰减能力的pORJ值和应力累积水平的bORJ值相对较小, 与此次余震序列丰富、 持续时间相对较长相吻合; ETAS和Omi-R-J模型对于复杂序列在[3.0, 3.5, 4.0]三个震级档的强余震仍具有一定的预测能力; 总体的“每个地震的信息增益”(IGPE)计算结果显示, ETAS模型略优于Omi-R-J模型, 前者或更适合复杂地震序列的余震预测。     

华南东部吉安—福州剖面岩石圈电性结构研究

为了研究华南东部地区岩浆活动的深部构造背景,对吉安一福州宽频大地电磁测深剖面数据进行了系统的分析和处理,并利用非线性共轭梯度法进行二维反演,得到了武夷隆起带及周缘地区的岩石圈电性结构;结合区域重磁资料,详细分析了研究区内地壳、上地幔电性结构特征及地质含义.结果表明:华南东部地区岩石圈电性结构存在明显的分区性,并且壳内普遍发育不同成因的高导层,揭示出华南东部地区不同构造单元内的岩浆活动具有不同的成岩构造背景.其中,东南沿海褶皱带深部热侵蚀活跃,岩石圈物质和结构被强烈改造,电阻率普遍较低,软流圈上涌并伴随玄武岩浆底侵,导致岩石圈、地壳剧烈减薄;而武夷隆起带岩石圈电阻率相对较高,印支-燕山早期陆内挤压变形的构造形迹明显,晚中生代岩石圈拉张伸展作用对该地区岩石圈的物质结构有一定的改造.     

黄海苏北浅滩海域春夏季浮游植物时空分布及其控制生态因子

The Subei Shoal is a special coastal area with complex physical oceanographic properties in the Yellow Sea. In the present study, the distribution of phytoplankton and its correlation with environmental factors were studied during spring and summer of 2012 in the Subei Shoal of the Yellow Sea. Phytoplankton species composition and abundance data were accomplished by Uterm?hl method. Diatoms represented the greatest cellular abundance during the study period. In spring, the phytoplankton cell abundance ranged from 1.59×10~3 to 269.78×10~3 cell/L with an average of 41.80×10~3 cell/L, and Skeletonema sp. and Paralia sulcata was the most dominant species. In summer, the average phytoplankton cell abundance was 72.59×10~3 cell/L with the range of 1.78×10~3 to 574.96×10~3 cell/L, and the main dominant species was Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Skeletonema sp., Dactyliosolen fragilissima and Chaetoceros curvisetus. The results of a redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that turbidity,temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to silicate and SiO_4-Si(DIN/SiO_4-Si) were the most important environmental factors controlling phytoplankton assemblages in spring or summer in the Subei Shoal of the Yellow Sea.     

Experimental Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Submersible Fish Cage at Various Depths in Waves

Submersible fish cages can be submerged under the water to mitigate the negative effects that arise from severe sea conditions and improve the growing environment for the farmed fish. Thus they are increasingly applied in offshore aquaculture. To ensure both safety and economic efficiency of submersible fish cages, it is important to determine the optimum submergence depth. In this study, a series of physical model experiments were conducted to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of a submersible fish cage at various submergence depths(1/6, 1/4, 1/3, and 1/2 of the water depth as well as the floating condition for reference) with a model scale of 1:20. The results of the physical model experiment for the different depths were compared to analyze the effects of submergence depths on the mooring line tension and the movement of the floating collar. The results showed that the mooring line tension and the floating collar movement significantly attenuated with increasing submergence depth. However, the attenuation tendency became stable when the fish cage reached a certain depth. According to the results, 1/3 of water depth was determined as the optimal submergence depth of the fish cages. Deeper submergence depths showed no significant advantage from a perspective of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the fish cage. The determination of the optimum submergence depth is beneficial for the structural design and operation safety of submersible net cages.     

Numerical investigation of effects of “baffles-deceleration strip” hybrid system on rock avalanches

Arrays of baffles are usually installed in front of protection site to attenuate the flow energy of rock avalanches in mountainous areas. Optimization design is crucial for efficiency promotion in hazard energy dissipation engineering. In this study, a deceleration strip was added in the baffles protection system to optimize the traditional baffles system. The effects of the "baffles-deceleration strip" hybrid protection system was discussed in detail with the nails number and nails angle. This study presents details of numerical experiments using the discreteelement method(DEM). The effect of the optimization of hybrid protection system(nail angle and nail number) were investigated specifically, especially the impact force that avalanches exerted on structures. The results show that the maximum impact forces and kinetic energy of the rock avalanches decreases with the increase of the number and angle of the nail. Moreover, the distance between the toe and the bearing structure(L_m) is also a key factor. The shorter the distance L_m(30 m) is, the higher the maximum impact force are. The longer the distance L_m(70 m) is, the lower the maximum impact force are. Under the same size of the nails, increasing the numbers can enhance the dissipation ability of the hybrid protection system. Meanwhile, increasing itsangle can also enhance the dissipation ability. There are three key ways for nails attenuate rock avalanches:(i) block the fine particles directly;(ii) form the particles bridge between nails and baffles;(iii) dissipate the coarse particles energy directly. The effect of segregation in rock avalanches is crucial for the energy dissipation mechanism, which is a key factor to optimize the traditional baffle system.     

贫金属富碳天琴RR变星的形成

贫金属富碳恒星(Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor, CEMP)是研究宇宙早期恒星性质和化学演化的极佳样本,通常认为来自双星.目前发现的贫金属富碳星中有9颗天琴RR变星(RR Lyrae star, RRL),其中至少7颗未表现出任何双星特征.传统双星物质转移模型不足以充分解释贫金属富碳天琴RR变星(CEMP-RR Lyrae)单星的形成.之前研究表明氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星(HG)的并合模型可以解释部分富碳红巨星单星的碳增丰现象,因此贫金属富碳星单星也可能来自氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星的并合模型渠道.通过详细计算的氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星并合模型来检验这一演化渠道,结果表明:该并合模型在后续的演化过程中,其重力加速度、温度、表面碳丰度均能与观测符合较好.由此,氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星并合模型极有可能是贫金属富碳天琴RR变星的形成渠道之一.     

格尔木市高精度数字高程基准模型研究

大地水准面（数字高程基准）为国家高程基准的建立与维持提供了全新的思路。然而,受限于地形、重力数据等原因,高原地区高精度数字高程基准模型的建立一直是大地测量领域的难题。本文以格尔木地区为例,探讨了高原地区高精度数字高程基准模型的建立方法。首先,基于重力和地形数据,由第二类Helmert凝集法计算了格尔木重力似大地水准面。在计算中,考虑到高原地形对大地水准面模型的影响,采用了7.5″×7.5″分辨率和高精度的地形数据来恢复大地水准面短波部分的方法,以提高似大地水准面的精度。然后,利用球冠谐调和分析方法将GNSS水准与重力似大地水准面联合,建立了格尔木高精度数字高程基准模型。与实测的67个高精度GNSS水准资料比较,重力似大地水准面的外符合精度为3.0 cm,数字高程基准模型的内符合精度为2.0 cm。