特殊测井在准南地区乌鲁木齐一带芦草沟组页岩油气层评价中运用

以地表地质调查成果为基础,以钻探、地质综合录井、核磁共振测井、电成像测井、正交多极子阵列声波等测井方法为手段,以岩石学特征、储层物性、储集空间类型和储集性能研究为重点,开展准南冲段带东段乌鲁木齐一带二叠系芦草沟组页岩油气评价。研究结果表明:该区带芦草沟组页岩含油气7层,其中优质含油层2层(64和66层);页岩储层矿物成分以高脆性矿物为主,物性特征表现为天然高导裂缝发育和低孔特低渗;油气藏表现为具中等含油饱和度的典型裂缝型油气藏特征。页岩储层各向异性较强,总体最大水平主应力为NWW向。     

济南西北部碳酸盐岩热储浅埋区热异常机理研究

为了探寻济南岩体北部碳酸盐岩热储浅埋地热异常区形成机理,利用地质钻探编录、抽水试验、测温、水质分析测试等手段,对碳酸盐岩浅埋地热异常区地质特征、热储物性特征、地温场特征、水化学特征等进行研究,结果表明：碳酸盐岩浅埋区热储层发育在奥陶纪灰岩地层中,热储层岩溶裂隙发育,热储埋深150~1000m,地热异常区盖层地温梯度为7. 2~11. 5℃/100m,水化学类型为SO4- Ca型,TDS为1. 3~1. 5g/L,地热水中含有对人体有益的微量元素,地热水来源为大气降水,地热水中50年以前入渗的“古水”占主导;明确了热源除正常的地温传导之外,济南岩体阻挡迫使水流深循环加热后上涌,断裂沟通深部热源等也是地热异常区形成的重要因素。     

逆冲断层位移—长度关系解析 ——以杭锦旗断裂带为例

为了揭示鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗断裂带在晚石炭世—中三叠世逆冲断层生长的位移模式和位移—长度关系,本文通过地震剖面解释、地层回剥分析和断层古位移测算来厘定古断层的末端位置,明确断裂生长连接历史,并结合幂律关系,探究了断层生长模式以及断裂带岩性组合、运动学、反转和断层系统内在特征等方面的影响。研究表明,杭锦旗断裂带的构造演化受基底断裂的分段性制约。其北东走向的分段(泊尔江海子断裂东段)形成较早;在垂向上,断裂中部的位移大,向两端递减;在平面上,断裂末端与东西走向的分段(泊尔江海子断裂西段)叠覆,导致局部位移增大,最终发生硬连接。东西走向的三眼井断裂形成于晚石炭世,先后经历了断层分段、横向扩展和连接的演化阶段。乌兰吉林庙断裂作为调节带断裂,其活动相对较弱且局部发生反转。根据断层位移—长度剖面的几何形态和断层演化阶段分析,可将杭锦旗断裂带的逆冲阶段的位移模式分为4种类型:①近对称的三角状或椭圆状,代表独立断层;②左右极不对称的锯齿状或双峰状,代表断层之间发生软连接作用;③不规则波状,反映多条小型断层的连接作用;④异常尖峰状,代表大型断裂后期位移的调整。杭锦旗断裂带的D_(max)/L数据集与全球其他地区比较,要低一个数量级,可能与断裂带的后期反转有关。最后,针对杭锦旗断裂带在不同时期的构造演化和D_(max)/L变化特征,提出了断裂带逆冲阶段演化的路径模式。     

多地震属性体实时融合三维可视化技术

多属性融合技术是近年来针对单一属性的局限性而发展起来的一项新技术。通过研究三维空间中多种地震属性体实时融合技术,提出了一种实现方案。采用八叉树结构有效进行数据的动态管理,基于Shader编程技术,利用GPU可编程管线加速,实现多属性体融合的三维可视化。基于该方案,研发了三维可视化多属性体融合系统,实现了基于RGB映射和属性加权的两种融合技术,保证了多属性体高质量实时融合渲染,通过实际应用取得了良好效果。     

废黄河三角洲典型钻孔XJ01全新世地层与微体古生物记录

钻孔XJ01位于废黄河三角洲滨淮镇附近,钻孔中上更新统顶部与全新统有4个14C测年数据控制,该孔全新统岩性特征自下而上为潮间带含贝壳砾质砂层、浅海相淤泥质黏土层、三角洲前缘相深灰色粉砂、三角洲平原相黏土质粉砂及粉砂质黏土。全新统微体古生物分析结果详细地反映了废黄河三角洲典型区域各时期的沉积环境,其中,全新统下部见大量的有孔虫与海相介形虫,中部微体古生物略少,上部地层中海相介形虫增多。整个全新世微体生物组合揭示了一个河口变化的水动力控制沉积环境。     

FLAC3D在复杂工程条件下的应用

利用建筑垃圾堆山造景是现代城市的一个新方向。但由于堆山工程占地范围大,荷载大,往往会产生一系列的工程地质问题,在软土地区这个问题更为突出。为使堆山工程能顺利进行,必须对地基进行一定的处理,而常规计算只能选择典型剖面或者地段进行局部分析,不能反映真实的三维影响特征,但数值分析可以有效解决这一问题。利用有限差分软件FLAC3D,对天津某堆山工程进行分析,为优化地基处理方案提供有力依据。     

准噶尔盆地南缘东段构造解析和构造解释模型建立

准噶尔盆地南缘山前带油气地质条件良好,但构造变形强烈、地震资料品质差且构造解释多解性强。通过南缘东段野外露头典型构造解析、“地质戴帽”、室内构造物理模拟实验、电法勘探中建场测深线的深度—电阻率反演剖面和地震资料解释,结合钻探结果,构建了南缘东段山前复杂带的构造—地层格架和叠瓦状冲断、多层次逆冲推覆的构造模型,探讨了山前复杂构造区低成像品质地震资料的构造解释模型建立的方法;明确逆冲断裂下盘的掩伏构造是下步勘探首选的目标类型。为南缘山前复杂构造带构造解释提供构造样式和断裂类型的参考,进一步为盆地南缘山前带的油气勘探和井位部署提供依据。该构造模型建立的方法在南缘西段山前复杂构造区的勘探目标评价中取得了良好的应用效果。     

大兴安岭中部乌兰浩特地区林西组碎屑岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

内蒙古乌兰浩特地区出露一套缺少化石、遭受接触变质作用的厚层碎屑岩。在该套地层采集碎屑锆石样品,进行碎屑锆石U-Pb测年研究。80个锆石分析点的年龄可分为3个主要年龄区间:242～294Ma,年龄加权平均值为263.6±3.3Ma(n=50,MSWD=4.9),峰值年龄为261Ma;301～381Ma,峰值年龄为348Ma;454～530Ma,峰值年龄为487Ma。另有7个锆石分析点的年龄分别为824Ma、836Ma、859Ma、867Ma、1279Ma、1556Ma、2447Ma。261Ma的峰值年龄限定了该地层的沉积下限,即属晚二叠世林西组。主量元素SiO2含量为67.81%,Al_2O_3为18.22%,MgO为1.44%,CaO为0.41%,Na_2O为1.54%,K_2O为3.90%,K_2O/Na_2O为1.15～10.21;A_(12)O_3/(CaO+Na_2O)为4.87～26.38;稀土元素总量介于162.39×10-6～223.46×10-6之间,平均值为200.88×10-6,负Eu异常,Ce为1.00～1.05,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,微量元素以亏损Nb、Ta、Sr,富集Rb、Ba、La、Ce、Pb、Nd、Sm为特征。以上分析表明,林西组形成于活动大陆边缘构造背景。依据碎屑锆石年龄谱值信息,林西组沉积物源具多样性和复杂性,除东北各地块,同时存在华北板块和西伯利亚板块的物源信息,说明林西组沉积时期华北板块与西伯利亚板块可能已经开始俯冲碰撞过程。     

Microbially induced calcite precipitation along a circular flow channel under a constant flow condition

Biogrouting is a new ground improvement method that has been studied in recent years. This method involves mainly the use of a microbially induced calcite precipitation process to bind soil particles to increase the strength or to fill in the pores of soil or joints of rock for seepage control. There are two major challenges in the use of biogrout for seepage control through rock joints. The first is how to inject the biogrout solutions, and the second is to understand the mechanisms for the formation of calcite under seepage flow. In this paper, a study on the injection of biogrout solution and the formation of precipitates along a circular 1D flow channel is presented. To minimize the influence of flow, a new one-phase injection method to inject bacterial solution and cementation agents simultaneously was adopted in this study. Factors affecting the formation and distribution of precipitates along the flow channel such as flow velocity, flow rate, and aperture of flow channel were investigated. The experimental results indicated that less calcite was precipitated at locations further away from the injection point due to depletion of the reactants’ concentrations along the flow path. Using the one-phase injection method, the bacterial activity had a major effect on the accumulation of the calcite on the inner surface of the flow channel. The total calcite precipitated on the surface of the flow channel increased slightly with increasing bacterial activity or flow rate. An equation to predict the distance travelled by the biosolution has been derived based on the testing results.

     

Tracking historical storm records from high-barrier lagoon deposits on the southeastern coast of Hainan Island,China

The relationship between storm activity and global warming remains uncertain. To better understand storm–climate relationships, coastal lagoon deposits are increasingly being investigated because they could provide high-resolution storm records long enough to cover past climate changes. However, site-specific sediment dynamics and high barriers may bias storm reconstructions. Here, we aimed to investigate these factors through the reconstruction of five distinct storm records (XCL-01, XC-03, XC-06, XC-07, XC-08) from different water depths in a lagoon with a high barrier (i.e., Xincun Lagoon of Hainan Island). Sediment cores were characterized using high-resolution grain size and XRF measurements, to identify storm events. These data were coupled with a numerical simulation to obtain bed shear stress data with high-spatial resolution to better understand storm-induced sediment transport mechanisms. 210Pb dating and Pb pollution chronostratigraphic markers indicated that the chronology of the storm deposit sequences of the cores span the period between 117 a and 348 a. The grain size and XRF results indicated numerous, highly variable and short-duration fluctuations, suggesting that storm-induced coarse-grained sediments were deposited at these core sites. The inconsistent storm events recorded in these cores suggest that these sites have different preservation potentials for storm deposits. However, the consistence between storm sediment records and historical documents for Core XCL-01 indicates that high-barrier lagoons could provide long-term storm event records with high preservation potential.