基于MPGA的复杂应力状态边坡稳定性分析

极限平衡法在边坡稳定性分析中处于主导地位,该算法通常建立在一定的假设之上,没有考虑边坡土体的非线性应力-应变关系,不能用于未达到极限状态以及加固后边坡的稳定性分析。为了解决以上问题,将有限元计算与多种群遗传算法（MPGA）相结合,建立一种基于MPGA的复杂应力状态边坡稳定性分析通用模型,通过数值应力场求解安全系数,并为多种群遗传算法构建适应度函数;再利用多种群遗传算法为安全系数的计算提供滑移面。为了保证分析的高效、合理,根据滑移面发展趋势,动态产生初始滑移面,并增加一个滑移面约束条件。最后,通过均质边坡和软弱夹层边坡两个典型算例分析验证了该方法的合理性;通过分析土钉加固的软弱夹层边坡,证明了该方法可用于加固等复杂应力状态边坡的稳定性分析。     

Biodiversity Assessment of Mammal and Bird Species from Camera Trap Data in Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve,Gansu Province,China

Camera traps serve as an important tool for monitoring species diversity. We used data from camera traps set for capturing snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in the Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, China, to assess species richness with respect to mammal and birds species. We also assessed survey efficiency for species detection, and conducted an initial analysis of species interactions. The survey effort of 10, 171 camera workdays yielded 2, 868 suitable animal image events involving 17 mammal and 20 bird species. Among these, the dhole (Cuon alpinus) is considered to be Endangered, the snow leopard and white-lipped deer (Cervus albirostris) Vulnerable, and the Pallas’s cat (Feli smanul), mountain weasel (Mustela altaica), Himalayan griffon (Gyps himalayensis) and cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus) Near Threatened under the IUCN red list. Fourteen species were also listed as key protected wild animals according to China national standards. Both the rarefaction curves and richness estimators suggested our sampling for mammal and pheasant species is sufficient, while more survey efforts are still needed to detect other bird species. With a focus on the dominant species Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), occupancy models were used to estimate site use and detection probability for selected species, and to investigate predator-prey relationships between lynx on the one hand and woolly hare (Lepus oiostolus), pika (Ochotona spp.) and Tibetan partridge (Perdix hodgsoniae) on the other. We give recommendations on how to increase efficiency in camera-based species inventory and biodiversity monitoring.     

一种基于数据融合的地球物理数据联合反演方法

从地球物理反演的基本概念出发，认为地球物理反演是 对实测数据的地球物理属性的理解或解释，多方法的地球物理数据联合反演是一种多传感器 的数据融合. 本文分析了地球物理数据的模糊特性，采用基于语义的模糊化方法，使不同物 理意义和尺度的特征数据及测区的地质和地球物理背景成为一体，结合地球物理专家解释的 方法，利用基于模糊逻辑系统的神经网络实现了融合. 该方法充分利用了各种地球物理探测 数据的全部信息，避免了线性反演的复杂计算；其数据融合的观点,为解决地球物理联合反 演问题提供了新的思路. 通过模拟实验和应用实例验证，该方法是有效的.     

全国矿产地数据库

全国矿产地数据库是新一轮国土资源大调查数字国土工程的重要项目之一,是地质调查信息化工作中的基础性数据库。数据库包含了全国29个省（市、区）,232类矿种达27 569个矿产地的矿产资源信息。工作范围覆盖了全国,较全面地反映了中国地矿部系统建国以来矿产资源勘查工作的成果。全国矿产地数据库全程包含质量监控,全国汇总过程中又进行了全面的复核、纠错,基本上达到了资料收集齐全、内容准确、数据录入完整准确,数据结构、数据精度都符合有关技术标准,总体质量可靠。全国矿产地数据库是一个矿种齐全、覆盖面广,内容丰富、数据量大且时间跨度大的大型数据库,为矿产资源调查评价、科研教学、矿业开发、规划管理提供了十分重要的基础信息。     

粘性泥石流残留层的形成及减阻作用--以云南蒋家沟泥石流为例

通过对云南蒋家沟粘性泥石流的野外观测 ,讨论了粘性泥石流残留层的定义特征 ,在大量实测数据基础上 ,分析了残留层易形成时段的特性 ;分别对一次泥石流过程、若干阵泥石流和一阵泥石流残留层的变化进行了相关分析 ;最后用观测数据分析了泥石流残留层的减阻作用     

团结沟金矿矿床成因、构造控矿规律与找矿方向浅析

团结构金矿是一个产于花岗斑岩中的大型岩金矿,由于所发现的金矿体绝大部分赋存在花岗斑岩中,因此长期以来,针对该区的找矿评价工作,均主要围绕花岗斑岩展开。本文通过对该矿区及其外围地区的矿石和岩石的稀土配分模式、硫同位素、包体测温等方面的系统分析与比较,发现该金矿床虽然在空间上与花岗斑岩关系密切,但在成因上却不相关。因此,本文对该矿床的控矿构造规律重新进行了系统分析和归纳总结,提出了火山次火山机构的内环带构造是区内金矿体最主要的控矿构造的新认识,进而指出了团结沟金矿田今后的找矿方向。     

Evolution of Geological Environment and Its Mineralization-Controlling on Gandise Massif, Tibet, China

The Gandise massif in Tibet, China, is one of the most important copper-multimetal metallogenic belt of Tibet region( Hou, et al,2001 ; Qu, et al, 2001 ;     

验后平差方法在Geosat/GM卫星测高数据处理中的应用

为了消除多代卫星测高数据之间的不协调性,利用两步处理法对Geosat/GM正常点海面高数据进行自交叉点平差及与T/P卫星测高数据联合平差,发现误差模型的系数计算出现异常,通过分析误差模型及正常点海面高数据的分布特征,找出了出现异常的原因,对计算方法进行改进后,大大提高了计算结果的稳定性和可靠性。     

瑞利波法检验客运专线湿陷性黄土地基处理效果

黄土地基具有明显的湿陷性,试验采用3种方法(柱锤冲扩桩、挤密桩、强夯)进行处理.测试得到地基在3种方案处理前后的瞬态瑞利波频散曲线,比较处理前后的瑞利波波速分布图,反演分析地基剪切波速度,得到黄土地基处理后的波速变化特性.结果表明,经3种方案处理后的黄土地基弹性波波速均得到了提高,波速增大幅度从大到小分别为柱锤冲扩桩、挤密桩和强夯,与静力触探法对比结果较为一致,表明瞬态瑞利波测试方法能大面积无损测试地基处理效果.     

Regional frequency analysis of extreme precipitation and its spatio-temporal characteristics in the Huai River Basin, China

With the increasing exposure of populations and economy to natural hazards, the spatio-temporal characteristics of extreme rainfall remain a key subject of study. Based on annual maximum rainfall (AM) and peaks over threshold rainfall series at 30 meteorological stations during 1960–2011 in the Huai River Basin (HRB), spatio-temporal characteristics of extreme rainfall are analyzed through regional frequency analysis method using L-moments. The accuracy and uncertainty analysis of quantile estimations are also carried out, and the regional and at-site frequency analyses are compared. Results indicate the following: (1) During 1960–2011, AM precipitation at 20 stations in the HRB shows an increasing trend, while at the other 10 stations, it shows a decreasing trend. And both the increased and decreased trends are not significant. (2) The HRB can be categorized into three homogeneous regions via cluster analysis. For both at-site and regional frequency analyses, the root mean square error values increase with the increase in return periods. The estimations are reliable enough for the return periods of less than 100 years. The quantile estimates of large return period from regional frequency analysis are more accurate and have smaller uncertainty than those from at-site frequency analysis. (3) Extreme precipitation in the HRB concentrates in the upstream of the Huai River and YiShuSi water system in the east of the HRB. Generally, the area with extreme precipitation, especially the upper reaches of the Huai River and Yimeng Mountain areas, also has large standard variations of extreme precipitation, which will increase the risk of natural hazards.