多源遥感数据反演土壤水分方法

基于ASAR-APP影像数据和光学影像数据,根据水云模型研究了小麦覆盖下地表土壤含水量的反演方法。利用TM和MODIS影像构建的植被生物、物理参数与实测小麦含水量进行回归分析,发现TM影像提取的归一化水分指数(NDWI)反演精度较好,相关系数达到0.87。根据这一关系,结合水云模型并联立裸露地表土壤湿度反演模型,建立了基于多源遥感数据的土壤含水量反演模型和参数统一求解方案。反演结果表明:该方案可得到理想的土壤水分反演精度,并可控制参数估计的误差。反演土壤含水量和准同步实测数据的相关系数为0.9,均方根误差为3.83%。在此基础上,分析了模型参数的敏感性,并制作了研究区土壤缺水量分布图。     

合肥市滨湖新区早-中更新世岩相古地理特征及意义

对合肥市滨湖新区大量第四纪钻孔作了岩性组合特征描述、粒度分析,对代表性钻孔ZK9A01进行了沉积体系域划分并绘制出滚子河组体系域图,据此探讨了该沉积区早—中更新世以来的沉积环境,并编制湖泊扩展期、凝缩期和萎缩期岩相古地理图。研究表明:滨湖新区早—中更新世为湖相沉积,经历了湖泊扩展—最大湖泛-湖泊萎缩的演化过程,湖泊中心位于滨湖新区东南方向,滨湖新区以东及西南地区为调查早—中更新世含水岩组有利区域。     

Spatiotemporal variations of water use efficiency and its driving factors in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2020

Water use efficiency (WUE) is an important variable to explore coupled relationships in carbon and water cycles. In this study, we first compared the spatial variations of annual gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) using four GPP and ET products. Second, we selected the products closest to the flux towers data to estimate WUE. Finally, we quantitatively analyzed the impact of climate change and soil water content on WUE. The results showed that: (1) Four GPP and ET products provided good performance, with GOSIF-GPP and FLDAS-ET exhibiting a higher correlation and the smallest errors with the flux tower data. (2) The spatial pattern of WUE is consistent with that of GPP and ET, gradually decreasing from the northeast to the southwest. Higher WUE values appeared in the northeast forest ecosystem, and lower WUE values occurred in the western Gobi Desert, with a value of 0.28 gC m^?2 mm^?1. The GPP and ET products showed an increasing trend, while WUE showed a decreasing trend (55.15%) from 2001 to 2020. (3) The spatial relationship between WUE and driving factors reveal the variations in WUE of Inner Mongolia are mainly affected by soil moisture between 0 and 10 cm (SM0-10cm), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and precipitation, respectively. (4) In arid regions, VPD and precipitation exhibit a major influence on WUE. An increase in VPD and precipitation has a negative and positive effect on WUE, with threshold values of approximately 0.36 kPa and 426 mm, respectively. (5) In humid regions, SM0-10cm, VPD, SM10-40cm, and SM40-100cm exert a significant impact on WUE, especially SM0-10cm, and weakens with increasing soil depths, these differences may be related to physiological structure and living characteristics of vegetation types in different climate regimes. Our results emphasize the importance of VPD and soil moisture in regional variability in WUE.     

城市河道公共休闲的适宜性指标体系构建与评价简

城市河道是集城市生态保育、娱乐游憩、居住生活、景观等多重功能于一体的开放空间。对城市河道公共休闲空间的利用目前存在价值利用与控制难以协调的矛盾,构建城市河道公共休闲价值评价指标对城市河道休闲空间的规划与开发具有重要的现实意义。基于目前公众对城市河道休闲的识别要素,综合国内外学者对休闲空间评价、城市河道生态健康评价等研究,将城市河道公共休闲空间适宜性指标归纳为资源特性、形态特性、功能特性、文化特质、公共特性等5个维度共42项指标;综合考虑指标的代表性和易操作性等特征,在指标权重确定上,使用最常用的关联矩阵法,反映各指标的重要性差异;利用确定的指标体系和权重测度了北京城区已治理的14条河道的公共休闲适宜度。结果表明,北京市城市河道普遍存在生态景观特征较好,但实用性有待加强的现实问题。     

近10年来山东省城镇化水平时空差异分析

运用泰尔指数和标准差系数,测度2000年~2012年山东省城镇化水平的总体和省内东中西三大区域及其内部差异。结果表明:(1)山东省城镇化水平总体差异在2009年之前总体上呈现扩大趋势,2009年之后差异开始减小;(2)东、中、西部之间的差异总体上呈现波动上升的趋势,中部内部的差异相比东部和西部更明显;(3)2010年之前三大区域内部差异对总体差异的贡献率占主导,2010年之后三大区域之间差异对总体的贡献率占据主导地位;(4)通过分析近十年影响山东省城镇化水平差异变动的因素得出,经济发展水平、产业结构以及区位条件是造成差异的主要原因。因此,山东省城镇化未来的发展应该着力促进产业结构的优化升级,尤其是第三产业的发展,其次促进各地区之间的联系,坚持"一圈一区一带"的发展战略,促进各个地区的城镇化水平的协调发展,缩小差异,最终实现区域城镇可持续发展。     

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE LANDFALLING STRONG TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE CATASTROPHIC MIGRATIONS OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN CHINA

In order to clarify the statistical pattern by which landfalling strong tropical cyclones(LSTCs)influenced the catastrophic migrations of rice brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens(stl)in China,the data of the LSTCs in China and the lighting catches of BPH that covered the main Chinese rice-growing regions from 1979 to 2008 were collected and analyzed in this work with the assistance of ArcGIS9.3,a software of geographic information system.The results were as follows:(1)In China,there were 220 strong tropical cyclones that passed the main rice-growing regions and 466 great events of BPH’s immigration in the 30 years from 1979 to 2008.73 of them resulted in the occurrence of BPH’s catastrphic migration(CM)events directly and 147 of them produced indirect effect on the migrations.(2)The number of the LSTCs was variable in different years during 1979 to 2008 and their influence was not the same in the BPH’s northward and southward migrations in the years.In the 30 years,the LSTCs brought more obvious influence on the migrations in 1980,1981,2005,2006 and 2007.The influence was the most obvious in2007 and all of the 7 LSTCs produced remarkable impact on the CMs of BPH’s populations.The effect of the LSTCs on the northward immigration of BPH’s populations was the most serious in 2006 and the influence on the southward immigration was the most remarkable in 2005.(3)In these years,the most of LSTCs occurred in July,August and September and great events of BPH's immigration occurred most frequently in the same months.The LSTCs played a more important role on the CM of BPH’s populations in the three months than in other months.(4)The analysis on the spatial distribution of the LSTCs and BPH’s immigration events for the different provinces showed that the BPH’s migrations in the main rice-growing regions of the Southeastern China were influenced by the LSTCs and the impact was different with the change of their spatial probability distribution during their passages.The most serious influence of the LSTCs on the BPH’s migrations occurred in Guangdong and Fujian provinces.(5)The statistical results indicated that a suitable insect source is an indispensable condition of the CMs of BPH when a LSTC influenced a rice-growing region.     

不确定度在多波束测深数据质量评估中的应用

在海道测量中,由于无法对测量数据进行多余和重复观测,因而不能精确测定各种误差,同时也几乎没有测量成果质量的控制指标,这正是多波束测深数据质量评估所面临的现实且急需解决的难题。基于国际海道测量规范S-44(5th)的要求,研究了不确定度在多波束数测深数据质量评估中的应用。通过实例分析可知,测量结果的可用性在很大程度上取决于其不确定度的大小,不确定度越小,说明测量结果质量越高,越具有可靠性。因此,将不确定度充分合理地应用于多波束测深数据处理和评估是一种最为理想的途径。     

声速剖面EOF表示对多波束水深数据的影响研究

基于实测数据,将测区内声速剖面进行EOF表示,进而采用常梯度分层声线跟踪法对EOF表示的声速剖面和实测声速剖面进行比对,统计有效波束比。比对结果表明:采用EOF表示的声速剖面进行的水深数据改正能够满足多波束水深测量的精度指标要求,论证了采用EOF方法表示多波束勘测水深声速剖面场的有效性。     

2004年苏门答腊地震前后海面高趋势的变化

利用苏门答腊附近海域T/P、Jason-1测高卫星近20年的海面高连续观测资料,分别计算了该区域(80°E~105°E,5°S~20°N)在2004年苏门答腊大地震前后的海面高变化趋势,并与该区域对应时间段GRACE重力卫星反演的地表质量迁移结果进行比较。研究结果表明,由卫星测高观测资料估算的震区地震前后海平面趋势的变化与卫星重力反演结果基本一致。由于卫星测高沿轨观测具有高精度、高时空分辨率的特性,卫星测高资料估算的海平面趋势变化可以更为准确地反映震区海平面变化的局部特征。还对该区域震后形变特征进行了初步分析。     

人工诱导栉孔扇贝雌核发育胚胎的SNP标记分析

利用紫外线照射灭活的同源精子,激活栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)卵子分裂,获得雌核发育胚胎,流式细胞仪检测胚胎细胞平均单倍体率为82.5%。对获得的胚胎进行全基因组扩增,获得足量的基因分型模板,利用高分辨率溶解曲线(HRM)技术对其进行96个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点分型。结果显示,诱导雌核发育胚胎的位点检出率为96.27%,其中99.06%的位点分型结果与相应雌性亲本相符;单个胚胎中只表现一种等位形式的位点占91.67%~96.88%,平均为94.81%,较雌性亲本的纯合位点比例(64.25%)明显提高。本研究利用灭活同源精子诱导获得栉孔扇贝雌核发育胚胎,并利用单个胚胎的全基因组扩增产物进行基因位点分析,为扇贝人工诱导雌核发育个体的早期多基因位点检测和评价提供参考。