三元复合驱采出污水回注渗透率的影响因素分析

基于大庆油田三元复合驱采出污水回注对地层存在的损害现象,研究了污水回注渗透率的影响因素。采用室内水驱实验方法,对三元复合驱采出污水中悬浮物、油、碱、聚合物等因素进行了分析,阐述了各种成分对渗透率的影响机理。结果表明,悬浮物颗粒会堵塞孔隙喉道,油产生的“贾敏效应”将增大油水流动阻力,碱与岩石及黏土矿物问的物理化学作用会使地层结垢,聚合物在岩芯中的吸附和滞留共同造成地层渗透率的下降。因此,建议将三元复合驱采出污水中悬浮物、油、碱、聚合物等处理合格后再进行回注,以减轻对地层的损害。     

资阳地区震旦系古岩溶储层特征及测井评价

位于四川盆地的资阳地区在震旦系灯影组中发现了继威远震旦系气藏之后的又一大型气藏。区内７口钻井揭露的地层显示本区灯影组主要由一套震层状白云岩民,基质岩块具低孔低渗特点,有效的储集空间是由受古岩溶作用产生的溶蚀孔洞和构造作用产徨的裂缝共同构成,溶洞具有数量多,大洞多,发育集中的特点,裂缝具有成因,多期次,多产状的特点,对这套以缝洞型为玉的储层,由常规测井资料计算单一的物性参数（如孔隙度等）的方法难以其     

东昆仑山香日德南部白沙河岩组的岩石组合特征和形成年代的锆石Pb-Pb定年启示

柴达木盆地南缘香日德南部金水口岩群白沙河岩组的岩石组合自下而上为长英质片麻岩-钙质片麻岩 斜长角闪岩-大理岩组合.白沙河岩组和侵入该岩组的变质花岗岩的锆石逐层蒸发Pb-Pb定年结果表明:白沙河岩组的陆源碎屑来自一个具有2.1～1.9 Ga岩浆变质热事件的陆源区,当考虑现有的年龄资料时,该岩组的形成年龄可进一步约束在1.6～1.0 Ga间;柴南缘的晋宁期深成侵入活动可能推前到中元古代末.     

西藏南木林普洛岗岩体锆石定年和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

对冈底斯中段南木林县普洛岗乡花岗岩岩体进行了原位锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Hf同位素分析。2个花岗岩样品加权平均年龄分别为(44.3±1.1)和(44.5±1.1) Ma,代表该岩体的岩浆结晶年龄为始新世。岩石地球化学资料显示,花岗岩SiO₂质量分数为60.53％~65.28%,K₂O+Na₂O质量分数为6.53％~7.98%,Al₂O₃质量分数为15.52％~16.13%,铝饱和指数为0.86~0.91,属于准铝质高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩类。花岗岩轻稀土元素相对较富集,具有明显的Eu负异常,微量元素中亏损Nb、Ta、Ti和富集Rb、Th、U、Pb。锆石Hf同位素初始比值ε_Hf(t)值为8.8~11.1,¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf 为0.282 994~0.283 060,Hf同位素地壳模式年龄为422~557 Ma,反映了其岩浆来源于新生地壳物质的部分熔融。普洛岗乡花岗岩的形成与新特提斯洋向北俯冲、俯冲板片折返断离有关。     

The effects of soil sand contents on characteristics of humic acids along soil profiles

It is generally accepted that the compositions and properties of soil organic matter (SOM) are influenced by many factors. In order to reveal the effects of soil texture on characteristics and dynamics of SOM and its sub-fraction, humic acid (HA), along two soil profiles, a yellow soil profile and a purplish soil profile, under the same climate and vegetation conditions were determined. Results indicate that the decomposition and humification degrees of SOM and HA of the purplish soils are higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils indicated by A/O–A ratios of HAs, TOCs and HA yields of bulk soil samples, nevertheless, the development degree of the purplish soil is lower than that of the yellow soil. The variations of E₄/E₆ ratios of HAs along the soil profiles indicate the overall molecular sizes of HAs decreased downward along the soil profiles. A/O–A ratios of HAs decreased downward along both the soil profiles indicate that humification processes decrease downward along both the soil profiles. Leaching of SOM shows significant effects on the distribution and characteristics of HAs in the yellow soil profile but the purplish soil profile, which is consistent with the higher hydrophobicity of HAs in purplish soils, shows that the distribution characteristics of SOM along the soil profiles are a complex result of the combination of soil texture and characteristics of SOM itself. The remarkably different sand contents are concluded tentatively as one of reasons to the different distributions and dynamics of HAs along the soil profiles, however, to profoundly understand the evolution and transport of SOM along soil profiles needs more researches.     

煤矸石释放重金属环境效应研究--淮南煤矿塌陷区水体试验场实例调查

概要分析了淮南新孜5号井煤矸石所含的重金属元素对塌陷区鱼塘水质的影响,指出除个别水样中Zn、Cu超标外,其他均不超标,该鱼塘水质适宜养鱼要求。矸石样与华北及整个地壳泥岩中元素的丰度比,矸石中Cr、Pb、Zn与泥岩丰度基本持平,而Cd、Cu均超过其他泥岩中丰度值。因此,煤矸石在地面遭受风化,其所含有害物质可能会释放到环境,在煤矸石堆放处适当进行监测还是必要的。     

Pretreatment of high strength waste emulsions by combined vibratory shear enhanced process with Fenton oxidation

Pretreatment of waste emulsions with high organic content by a combined process of vibratory shear enhanced process and Fenton’s oxidation prior to biological treatment was investigated. Vibrating membrane had shown good performance in chemical oxygen demand and oil removals and the mitigation of concentration polarization. However, the permeate after filtration processing still contained high content of organics. Thus, additional Fenton oxidation was applied to reduce the organic loading, and improve the biodegradability of the wastewater. The optimal molar ratio of ferrous iron to hydrogen peroxide was 0.05 obtained from the jar-test experiments. Removal of organics was enhanced by increasing hydrogen peroxide dosage, while efficiency of hydrogen peroxide reached maximum of 1.11(w/w) at the hydrogen peroxide dosage of 6.8 g/L. Furthermore, the biological experiments indicated that the high concentration of organics could inhibit microbial activity, which decreased the chemical oxygen demand degradation rates. The adaptive period of the microbe was greatly shortened using Fenton’s reagent at the low dosages. The improvement of the biodegradability could be explained by partial mineralization and chemical transformation of parent organic compounds after Fenton oxidation.     

山东昌乐锆石的宝石学特征及化学成分研究

在实地考察和分析前人资料的基础上,简要地介绍了山东昌乐锆石的产出特征。通过常规的宝石学测试方法、X-射线荧光光谱分析和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（LA-ICP-MS）对该地区锆石的物理性质、内外部特征及化学成分进行了研究。结果表明,该地区锆石粒度较大,整体透明度较好,颜色呈深浅不一的褐色,以深褐色为主;主要由ZrO2和SiO2组成,微量元素主要有Fe,Ti,P,Sc,Ni等杂质元素,还有部分放射性元素和稀土元素;放射性元素主要为U和Th,Th/U比值均大于0.4（1个数据例外）;稀土元素以富钇族元素为特征,富集HREE,明显的Ce正异常（2～13）,微弱的Eu负异常（0.69～0.76）。另外,昌乐锆石放射性核素的放射性比活度非常低。综合特征表明,昌乐锆石是一种具有利用价值的宝石资源。     

西藏甲玛-卡军果推-滑覆构造系特征

通过矿区填图和路线调查,结合室内研究,指出:①甲玛-卡军果推-滑覆构造系由印度-欧亚板块碰撞引发,具有递进变形、自盆地中心向边部推覆、新盖老等特点,强变形于50Ma±。②推覆体下盘为叶巴组构造岩系;推覆体由上侏罗统和下白垩统碳酸盐-碎屑沉积岩系构成,主体为轴面北倾的复式褶皱,自南而北分为前部带、中部带和后部带。滑覆构造系推覆形成的复背斜轴部高位岩块失稳向北滑覆形成,自南而北分为后部带、中部带和前部带。③导致矿区蚀变的主要岩浆活动发生于推覆强变形后的松弛期,上侵受近南北向基底断裂和推覆断裂联合控制,就位受控于前部带推-滑覆褶断系,其后发生多次构造-岩浆-成矿液叠加,造就甲玛铜多金属矿床。     

渝东北地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气地质特征及其勘探方向探讨

渝东北地区五峰组—龙马溪组暗色泥页岩沉积厚度介于30.92~164.47m之间,其中在朝阳镇咸池剖面及田坝一带厚度最大,往研究区东西两侧具有减薄的趋势。全区总有机碳含量平均3.32%,中部(平均3.93%)和西部(平均3.59%)相对东部(平均2.77%)具有更高的有机质丰度。有机质以I型腐泥型为主,西部个别剖面及东部栗子坪一带夹少量Ⅱ_1—Ⅱ_2型干酪根,其成熟度普遍处于高成熟—过成熟阶段,呈现自北向南升高的趋势。石英、脆性矿物含量普遍较高(尤其是中西部区块),黏土矿物较低,更易产生储气裂缝及利于后期压裂。储层特征方面,中部地区泥页岩具有更高的孔隙度和较低的渗透率,同时比表面积也相对更高,以有机质孔隙为主。中部区块田坝—朝阳—文峰一带含气性最好,结合页岩厚度、总有机碳含量分布、储层条件及构造保存条件分析,本区中部区块田坝—朝阳—文峰一带具有更好的页岩气勘探前景,是该区下一步勘探的重点区域。