中国东部季风区春季气候的变暖特征

利用中国东部375个测站1961—2006年地面气温资料,采用线性趋势分析、EOF、REOF、Mann-Kendall、小波分析等方法,分析了季风区春季的气候变暖特征。结果表明:季风区春季增温显著,近46 a增温率为0.25℃/(10 a)。从1989年开始增温,1996年有一次显著突变。以38°N为界,气温变化的稳定性是南部高于北部。增温率从南向北增大,增温不显著的区域主要在长江以南;根据EOF分析,该区春季气温异常可分为全区一致型、江南江北相反型、中原型3种常见分布模态。根据REOF又进一步将该区春季气温异常细分为中部、南部、北部3个区。全区性的前10个偏暖年,全部出现在1990年代以后。气温异常变化存在准4年和22年的周期,气温的转折北部比中、南部早,但北部从1990年代末期开始转为下降;北部区和中部区分别在1981、1997年发生了突变,南部突变不明显;蒙古高压是影响春季气温的主要大气活动中心,高压强度从1980年代后期以来有明显减弱趋势,造成入侵东部的偏北冷空气减弱,是春季气候变暖的可能机理。     

RETRIEVING ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING PROFILES AROUND TYPHOON YUNNA USING INFRARED HYPERSPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS AIRS

In this study,we derived atmospheric profiles of temperature,moisture,and ozone,along with surface emissivity,skin temperature,and surface pressure,from infrared-sounder radiances under clear sky (cloudless) condition.Clouds were detected objectively using the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder under a relatively low spatial resolution and cloud-mask information from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer under a high horizontal resolution;this detection was conducted using space matching.Newton’s nonlinear physical iterative solution technique is applied to the radiative transfer equation (RTE) to retrieve temperature profiles,relative humidity profiles,and surface variables simultaneously.This technique is carried out by using the results of an eigenvector regression retrieval as the background profile and using corresponding iterative forms for the weighting functions of temperature and water-vapor mixing ratio.The iterative forms are obtained by applying the variational principle to the RTE.We also compared the retrievals obtained with different types of observations.The results show that the retrieved atmospheric sounding profile has great superiority over other observations by accuracy and resolution.Retrieved profiles can be used to improve the initial conditions of numerical models and used in areas where conventional observations are sparse,such as plateaus,deserts,and seas.     

贵州雪峰至加里东旋回构造演化与区域成矿规律

以《中国矿产地质志·贵州卷》研究项目为依托,在前人研究基础上,进行了贵州雪峰至加里东构造旋回构造演化及区域成矿规律的系统研究。认为在该构造旋回,随着构造动力从离散(裂解)向汇聚(造山)发展,盆地类型从陆内裂陷(谷)盆地转化为被动大陆边缘盆地,再转化为板内结合带压陷盆地,从而形成了各时期特有的地质建造及多种矿产,尤其是贵州最有特色的锰、磷、重晶石等沉积矿产。这些矿产在各种地质建造及其地质体中呈现出有序分布规律。在此基础上,建立并论述了与沉积作用、浅成中-低温热液作用、岩浆作用有关的矿床成矿系列各一个及亚系列数个,并建立了贵州与南华纪至中寒武纪早期主要矿产的区域成矿模式。这些成果进一步揭示了贵州该旋回中的区域成矿规律。     

生物对环境微量元素和稳定同位素的选择性及研究实例

生物对其生活环境中的不同元素和同位素存在不同程度的选择性吸收、利用和富集。其影响因子分为内因和外因两大类。具体选择机制可以从生物的形态构造直至分子水平上加以解释。当环境中元素、同位素含量发生变化时,生物因其对各元素生态幅和耐受限度的差异而并不完全对环境中化学因子的变化产生一致性的响应。生物对其耐受限度较小的元素保持较高的属内有效性和特异性选择;而对于生态幅较宽的元素,生物属内的特异性选择弱化,生态幅可能与它属生物发生部分重叠。部分生物壳体"第二层"与其围岩碳、氧同位素比值及其变化趋势保持着较好的一致性。上述认识不同程度地在Rhynchospirifer属和Stringocephalus属为代表的腕足动物及其围岩的研究中得到验证。     

龙王(石童)A型花岗岩地球化学特征及其地球动力学意义

龙王花岗岩岩体产于华北克拉通南缘,岩石类型主要为黑云母钾长花岗岩,局部见有霓辉石花岗岩。岩体高硅(SiO2=72.17%～76.82%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=8.28%～10.22%,K2O/Na2O>1),碱性指数AI(agpaitic index)=0.84～0.95,分异指数DI=95～97,铝指数ASI(aluminium saturation index)=0.96～1.13。含铁指数高(FeO/(FeO+Mg)=0.90～0.99),岩石为准铝质至弱过铝质、碱性—碱钙性、铁质A型花岗岩。岩石富集大离子亲石元素,稀土元素含量很高(854～1572μg/g);高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf)的富集程度明显低于大离子亲石元素,因此在微量元素蛛网图上呈相对亏损特征;岩石显著亏损Ba、Sr、Ti、Pb;εNd(t)=-4.5～-7.2,Nd模式年龄为2.3～2.5Ga。εHf(t)=-1.11～-5.26,模式年龄tHf1=2.1～2.3Ga,tHf2=2.4～2.6Ga。黑云母钾长花岗岩中的锆石主要为无色透明柱状晶体,CL图像多数显示清晰的岩浆成因的韵律环带结构,锆石LA-ICPMSU-Pb年龄为...     

西藏班公湖-怒江板块结合带岩金遥感找矿模式

西藏班公湖-怒江板块结合带地质构造复杂,成矿条件优越,具备形成金矿的地质背景条件,是西藏最具潜力和规模巨大的贵金属成矿带.但由于该区地质工作程度较低和对成矿规律认识不清,至今没有一个可供开发的岩金矿产地.通过班公湖-怒江板块结合带砂金、岩金矿(化)点,地球化学异常和重砂异常的分布并进行控矿因子分析,建立了该带两种岩金遥感找矿模式,通过验证发现该区具有大型远景规模的岩金矿产地,并认为蚀变岩型金矿和穆龙套型金矿是该带最重要的两种矿床类型,具有巨大的找矿潜力.     

灾变破坏幂律奇异性前兆提取的奇异积分变换方法

1 研究背景 幂律奇异性是材料灾变破坏及地震发生时的一个典型前兆特征(Voight,1989;Xue et al,2018).在灾变破坏发生时,系统的响应函数R = du/dU发散到无穷大,表现出临界幂律奇异性(Xue et al,2018).其中,u是系统响应量,U是系统的加载控制量.响应函数R的临界幂律奇异性是灾变破坏能量准则的体现,对大理岩、花岗岩试样进行的准静态单轴压缩实验表明,响应函数幂律奇异性指数分布在-1/2到-1之间.利用灾变破坏点处响应函数的幂律奇异性以及幂指数的分布范围,可以建立对于灾变破坏时间的实时预测方法(Voight,1988;Xue et al,2018),但噪声对灾变破坏预测却会产生较大影响.因此,准确地从包含噪声的时间序列中提取幂律前兆并确定其幂指数,对于灾变预测至关重要.本文即是针对包含噪声的信号,提出一种提取幂律奇异性前兆的方法.     

台阵地震计程控化正弦标定系统设计

为满足台阵地震计标定要求,通过对程控化标定测控仪和标定测控软件的研究,采用一种适用于台阵地震计的程控化正弦标定方法,对中国地震局地球物理勘探中心负责管理的台阵地震计进行标定。台阵地震计标定实验结果显示,采用程控化正弦标定方法,在缩短标定时长、提高标定效率方面具有显著效果。     

Association of Late Paleozoic Adakitic Rocks and Shoshonitic Volcanic Rocks in the Western Tianshan, China

The late Paleozoic adakitic rocks are closely associated with the shoshonitic volcanic rocks in the western Tianshan Mountains, China, both spatially and temporally. The magmatic rocks were formed during the period from the middle to the late Permian with isotopic ages of 248-268 Ma. The 87Sr/86Sr initial ratios of the rocks are low in a narrow variation range (-0.7050). The 143Nd/144Nd initial ratios are high (-0.51240) with positive εND(t) values (+1.28-+4.92). In the εNd(t)-(87Sr/86Sr)i diagram they fall in the first quadrant. The association of the shoshonitic and adakitic rocks can be interpreted by a two-stage model: the shoshonitic volcanic rocks were formed through long-term fractional crystallization of underplated basaltic magma, while the following partial melting of the residual phases formed the adakitic rocks.     

青藏高原大气水汽收支特征及影响

Based on 1961-2000 NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis datasets, vapor transfer and hydrological budget over the Tibetan Plateau are investigated. The Plateau is a vapor sink all the year round. In summer, vapor is convergent in lower levels (from surface to 500 hPa) and divergent in upper levels (from 400 to 300 hPa), with 450 hPa referred to as level of non-divergence. Two levels have different hydrologic budget signatures: the budget is negative at the upper levels from February to November, i.e., vapor transfers from the upper levels over the plateau; as to the lower, the negative (positive) budget occurs during the winter (summer) half year. Evidence also indicates that Tibetan Plateau is a "vapor transition belt", vapor from the south and the west is transferred from lower to upper levels there in summer, which will affect surrounding regions, including eastern China, especially, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze. Vapor transfer exerts significant influence on precipitation in summertime months. Vapor transferred from the upper layers helps humidify eastern China, with coefficient -0.3 of the upper budget to the precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze (MLRY); also, vapor transferred from east side (27.5°-32.5°N) of the upper level has remarkable relationship with precipitation, the coefficient being 0.41. The convergence of the lower level vapor has great effects on the local precipitation over the plateau, with coefficient reaching 0.44, and the vapor passage affects the advance and retreat of the rainbelt. In general, atmospheric hydrologic budget and vapor transfer over the plateau have noticeable effects on precipitation of the target region as well as the ambient areas.