新疆哈密黄山—镜儿泉镍铜成矿系统的地质构造背景

新疆哈密黄山—镜儿泉镍铜成矿系统的地质构造背景处于塔里木板块与准噶尔板块接合部位、塔里木板块东北边缘 ,与镍铜矿化有关的基性、超基性岩分布于混杂堆积之中 ,混杂堆积中的梧桐窝子群基性火山岩主要属洋壳型岛弧火山岩 ,部分属洋壳火山岩 ,吐—哈陆块是准噶尔洋上的陆块 ,黄山—镜儿泉基性—超基性岩并非是它裂开的产物。     

大洋钻探与西太平洋构造

菲律宾海的深海钻探证了弧间扩张和残留弧形模式。小笠原－马里亚纳弧前区的钻探表明，俯冲带初生时伴着海底扩张，形成了异常宽阔的火山活动带。有许多出上蛇绿岩形成于俯冲带初生时的海底扩张环境。日本海的钻探揭示了日本边缘盆地的打开和关闭，新近形成的日本海东缘板边界对华北地区的构造有重要制约作用，中国东海和南海占有独特的构造位置，布置大洋钻探意义重大。文章还强调了中国地质学家从全球地质学的观点研究问题（而不仅     

Gold concentration from well water by the hydroelectrical extraction method

An experimental survey of the gold concentrated from well water by a hydroelectrical extraction (HEE) method has been carried out in the famous Au metallogenic province in the eastern part of Shandong Province in northeastern China. This method is based on the existence of ionic Au in groundwater around ore bodies. Under the action of an external electric field, ionic Au migrates toward the cathode where the metal is absorbed by a special absorbent attached to the cathode. Promising areas for further exploration can be evaluated from the amount of Au in the absorbent.Distinct Au anomalies were discovered by the experimental survey. The results from the follow-up study of some of these anomalies have shown that most of them are related to the known placer Au deposits and to the primary Au occurrences. However, two new Au prospects and several new Au sources have been found which offer new targets for Au hunting in the area.The hydroelectrical extraction method is an effective technique of looking for Au in areas covered with transported overburden. Since the Au in well water can be concentrated on the cathode with the absorbent, the sensitivity requirement for Au analysis could be reduced. The method also provides a useful tool for the exploration of blind placer Au.     

西藏高原大地电磁深探测———亚东—巴木错沿线地区壳幔电性结构

摘 要　 展示了超宽频带大地电磁深探测所获得的西藏亚东—巴木错沿线地区电性结构图像; 阐述了西藏中、南部特殊的壳幔电性特征。     

平南幔源包体中橄榄石的显微构造研究及其意义

平南玄武岩中的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体的平衡温度为930~980℃, 平衡深度为59~74km, 包体中橄榄石的扭折带滑移系多为(010) [100], 但也有(001) [100]的滑移系类型; 斜方辉石的滑移系为(100) [001], 它们均为高温低应变速率下的滑移系, 说明该区的上地幔主要是在高温低应变速率条件下经历了塑性变形作用.橄榄石位错组态多样, 有自由位错、位错壁、位错弓弯、缠结、{110}滑移带, 反映了上地幔的塑性变形特征.根据位错壁的大小估算, 上地幔差异流动应力为24.5~42.1MPa, 流动速率为2.93×10-17~8.36×10-16s-1, 有效粘度为1.72×1023~2.80×1024 Pa·s, 特征与中国东部新生代上地幔较为一致, 反映同处于拉张环境.      

湘中锡矿山式锑矿锑与砷、金的共生分异现象

通过湘中锡矿山式锡矿矿化蚀变特征及矿化蚀变岩石微量元素统计分析，阐述了成矿作用中锑与金、砷共生分异的现象，并以因子分析为手段，提取成矿作用中最主要的两个特征因子，综合地质分析，指出锑矿成矿过程中主要包含有两种地质作用：硅化与锑矿化。硅化和锑矿化分别同砷、金富集和锑矿质沉淀析出相联系，从而造成锑与金、砷共生分异。硅化作用主要在成矿早期，温度较高（200－300℃），砷、金主要在这一阶段析出。锑矿化则集中发生在成矿作用晚期，温度较低（100－200℃），辉锑矿以裂隙充填方式沉淀成矿。对锑与金、砷共生分异的认识较好地解释了矿化带上成矿特征指示元素在元素聚类分析中不相关的矛盾。     

咸阳地热田水溶氦气资源评价与开发利用前景分析

近年来,在咸阳地热田资源开发利用过程中,发现地热水中普遍伴生有较高浓度的氦气(0.16％～3.00％).多年监测结果表明,伴生的氦气资源分布范围广,含量高且稳定,表现出了较大的资源潜力.通过对咸阳地热田水溶氦气资源量的定量计算,得到咸阳市区水溶氦气资源量为10.92×108 m3,可采量为0.22×108 m3.认为咸阳市开发利用水溶氦气资源的优势显著,在咸阳率先开展水溶氦气提取试验及建立年产万方级水溶氦气先导性试验区,可为在渭河盆地建立我国氦气工业基地及热、矿、水综合开发利用起到示范作用.     

青海祁漫塔格山乌兰乌珠尔斑状正长花岗岩 LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年及地质意义

青海祁漫塔格地区乌兰乌珠尔正长花岗岩具有高硅、高碱(AR为3.02~5.88,NK/A为1.04~1.17,A/CNK为0.96~1.07)、高TFeO/MgO和贫CaO、MgO的特征;∑REE较高,LREE略富集,轻重稀土元素分馏不十分明显,Eu负异常明显,稀土元素配分模式呈稍右倾的V字形;明显富集Rb、K、Th等大离子亲石元素,相对富集Zr、Hf等高场强元素,相对亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb等。这些资料显示了A2型铝质花岗岩的特征,其来源可能与洋壳、岛弧建造组成的年轻地壳有关。采用LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年方法,获得乌兰乌珠尔正长花岗岩体的206Pb/238U年龄为388.9Ma±3.7Ma(MSWD=3.1),代表该岩体的形成年龄。结合岩石地球化学、构造特征和区域地质背景,认为该岩体形成于后造山或造山作用演化晚期相对伸展的环境。     

Comparison of Two Methods Used to Model Shape Parameters of Pareto Distributions

Two methods are compared for estimating the shape parameters of Pareto field-size (or pool-size) distributions for petroleum resource assessment. Both methods assume mature exploration in which most of the larger fields have been discovered. Both methods use the sizes of larger discovered fields to estimate the numbers and sizes of smaller fields: (1) the tail-truncated method uses a plot of field size versus size rank, and (2) the log–geometric method uses data binned in field-size classes and the ratios of adjacent bin counts. Simulation experiments were conducted using discovered oil and gas pool-size distributions from four petroleum systems in Alberta, Canada and using Pareto distributions generated by Monte Carlo simulation. The estimates of the shape parameters of the Pareto distributions, calculated by both the tail-truncated and log–geometric methods, generally stabilize where discovered pool numbers are greater than 100. However, with fewer than 100 discoveries, these estimates can vary greatly with each new discovery. The estimated shape parameters of the tail-truncated method are more stable and larger than those of the log–geometric method where the number of discovered pools is more than 100. Both methods, however, tend to underestimate the shape parameter. Monte Carlo simulation was also used to create sequences of discovered pool sizes by sampling from a Pareto distribution with a discovery process model using a defined exploration efficiency (in order to show how biased the sampling was in favor of larger fields being discovered first). A higher (more biased) exploration efficiency gives better estimates of the Pareto shape parameters.     

湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索耐久性与改善措施研究

随着预应力锚索在湿陷性黄土边坡加固工程中的广泛应用,其耐久性问题就变得日益突出,湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索出现了较多因预应力损失而引起的失效事故。基于湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索运行现状进行研究,研究表明:黄土腐蚀性对边坡预应力锚索耐久性影响微弱,黄土湿陷性和地质条件变化对边坡预应力锚索耐久性影响显著;通过采用加强排水措施、提升浅部注浆工艺和注重运行维护等措施可以改善湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索耐久性;改善后的预应力锚索在监测期内处于平稳波动的服役状态,运行效果良好。本研究以期为湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索的设计、施工和运行维护等提供借鉴。