阿拉木图预报试验场地震的形变前兆

地壳形变的研究在评估地震危险性和地震预报中具有重要的作用。哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图地震预报试验场地壳形变观测包括大地测量、GPS卫星观测、光测距仪、形变仪和倾斜。大地测量和卫星测量形变值为10-4～10-5单位,光测距形变为10-7单位,形变计达10-8单位。根据大地测量资料,预测卡什切克、契里克和扎拉纳什—丘普三个地区有地震危险。此地区地表垂直运动速度与过去比较现在达到了最大值,约5mm／a,而通常为2～3mm／a。1992～1995年GPS卫星测量资料也证实伊塞克湖南部的水平和垂直形变增高。根据土尔根站和伊日维什特科维依站形变观测资料的谱分析结构认为,形变值的周期成分既反映了外在因素（气压、气温、降水）又反映了内在作用的异常变化。1978年3月25日扎拉纳什—丘普地震时各条测线形变就出现异常高值。前兆异常可达10－5单位,震中距超过50km。异常时间表现在震前1个月内。     

南美地台中生代活化的火成岩记录(英文)

在冈瓦纳大陆裂解的同时及其后,出现了岩浆作用过程,它影响到远离安第斯山链的南美地台的大部分。这个岩浆作用过程构成了几种类型的记录:(1)拉斑玄武质侵入岩和喷出岩,如沉积盆地中的熔岩流、岩床、岩墙和基底中的岩墙。最大活动强度出现于中侏罗世至前阿普第阶早白垩世。在大陆的北部,出现局部的二叠—三叠纪拉斑玄武质岩墙。(2)碱性和过碱性镁铁质至长英质岩浆活动和共生的碳酸盐岩,它们出现于巴西Serra do Mar、巴拉那盆地周边以及在亚马孙地盾周边和玻利维亚,呈孤立的小面积出现,时代上大部分属后阿尔必阶。由于此期岩浆作用发生于南美和非洲移开之时,所以一直延续至中新世。少量的侵入岩是与侏罗纪—始自垩纪火山活动同时的。(3)在前寒武纪末期结束造山作用的地区以及在时代为中元古代的巴西克拉通区,已找到了几个金伯利岩体,少量的同位素资料指出其年龄属中生代。 地质构造影响了中新生代岩浆活动。玄武质熔岩流和岩床在克拉通内盆地中下沉较大的内部更常见,厚度也较大。许多前寒武纪断裂受到辉绿岩墙的影响,这些岩墙可以构成岩墙群。其它岩墙明显与古老断裂无关,但是它们位于大陆分离过程中遭受张应力的地区。巴拉那盆地周边的碱性岩浆作用通常受穹窿和断开的单褶的控制。相似的机制——也发现     

LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION IN SEDIMENT-LADEN OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS

Laboratory experiments on longitudinal dispersion in clear-water and sediment-laden open channel flows are reported. Data from these experiments and those available from previous studies indicate that the suspended sediment present in the flow affects the longitudinal dispersion process. The observed velocity distributions over the depth of sediment-laden flows indicate that the velocity deviates from the mean velocity more in sediment-laden flows than in clear-water flows. The velocity distributions over the cross section and secondary flow in the channel are also expected to be altereddue to the presence of suspended sediments in the flow. For these reasons, more dispersion is found in sediment-laden flows than in corresponding clear-water flows. A predictor for the dispersion coefficient in sediment-laden flows is proposed.     

4-tert-octylphenol and 17beta-estradiol applied by feeding to flounder Platichthys flesus: induction of vitellogenin and accumulation in tissues

In order to simulate a possible natural administration route of xenoestrogens male flounder Platichthys flesus were exposed via the diet to the alkylphenol 4-tert-octylphenol. Treatment with 4-tert-octylphenol (10, 50 and 100 mg OP kg(-1) BW) or 17beta-estradiol (0.05 mg kg(-1) BW) every second day during a period of 11 days resulted in a significant increase in plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) concentrations. The induction of Vtg was greatest in the fish receiving 50 mg OP kg-' BW. A significant accumulation of 4-tert-octylphenol was found in liver and muscle tissue of the OP treated groups. The tissue concentrations of 4-tert-octylphenol and the plasma vitellogenin concentration were positively correlated. The results show that 4-tert-octylphenol accumulates in liver and muscles of flounder P. flesus, and exerts estrogenic effects such as vitellogenin induction.     

电热式雨强计

本文介绍一种具有对数响应特性的电热式降雨强度计,该仪器是根据使降落到感应器表面的雨水加热蒸发所需要的电功率,以连续测量0.3—350毫米/小时的降水速率。外场试验表明,此仪器与标准翻斗雨量计的观测结果一致。 1.工作原理这种电热降雨强度计是根据四十年代在飞机积冰现象的研究中使用的液态水含量电测仪器发展而来的,它可以检测落到仪器表面的雨水和云中的水通量。仪器有两个固定电位的金属电极,电极之间是一种多孔、吸     

Coastal pollution hazards in southern California observed by SAR imagery: stormwater plumes, wastewater plumes, and natural hydrocarbon seeps

Stormwater runoff plumes, municipal wastewater plumes, and natural hydrocarbon seeps are important pollution hazards for the heavily populated Southern California Bight (SCB). Due to their small size, dynamic and episodic nature, these hazards are difficult to sample adequately using traditional in situ oceanographic methods. Complex coastal circulation and persistent cloud cover can further complicate detection and monitoring of these hazards. We use imagery from space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), complemented by field measurements, to examine these hazards in the SCB. The hazards are detectable in SAR imagery because they deposit surfactants on the sea surface, smoothing capillary and small gravity waves to produce areas of reduced backscatter compared with the surrounding ocean. We suggest that high-resolution SAR, which obtains useful data regardless of darkness or cloud cover, could be an important observational tool for assessment and monitoring of coastal marine pollution hazards in the SCB and other urbanized coastal regions.     

应用正交偶极Z测井资料测量EDA地层的横波各向异性

采用3种分析EDA地层横波各向异性的技术处理了从Wyoming Powder河谷用正交偶极子测井取得的数据资料.这些处理技术基于挠曲波在各向异性介质中发生分裂的现象而模拟VSP中的横波数据处理.四组分的正交偶极子测井数据是用Schlumberger公司的测井仪从井深3 550m的一段长为56m的垂向裂缝发育的地层中采集的.根据对各发射-接收器组记录数据处理结果的一致性与方差来看,非正交旋转法效果最好.但线性变换法的结果也是可以接受的.线性变换法的优点是节省机时.从这组数据处理的结果来看,极化能谱法计算量相对较大并且对噪音的影响较敏感.