Ophiolite complexes as collision zone markers: making the case for the Antique Ophiolite Complex, Panay Island, central Philippines

The collision between the North Palawan Block (NPB) and Philippine Mobile Belt (PMB) has been the subject of studies considering its significance in help-ing define the tectonic evolution of the Philippine is-land arc system. The geology of the western Panay island reveals the presence of a continent-related block (Buruanga Peninsula) juxtaposed to an oceanic frag-ment (Antique Ophiolite Complex). Our recent work in the Buruanga Peninsula helped us define the terrane boundary between the Peninsula and the Antique Ophiolite Complex. However, considering available published data, the Antique Ophiolite Complex has never been considered to be a part of the NPB and to mark the collision zone between Palawan and the PMB.     

Spatial Distribution and Longitudinal Variation of Clay Minerals in the Central Indian Basin

Grain size and clay mineral distribution up to 45 cm depth in the silty clay sediments from 26 box cores from 10° to 16° S along four longitudes (73.5°–76.5°E) were studied for understanding spatial variability in the Central Indian Basin (CIB). It was observed that the average sand content in the basin is 3.8%, which decreases systematically and longitudinally to 0.3% towards south. The average illite and chlorite major clay mineral abundance also decrease southwards along the four longitudes from 10°S, and show the limit of influence of the Ganges- Brahmaputra river’s supply up to 10° S. However, the average clay content increases from west to east in the basin, and southwards along 73.5°E and either side of the 76.5°E fracture zone (FZ), which strongly suggests the possibility of clay supply due to circulation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) from the south through the FZ. The distribution of four clay minerals along 73° and 76.5° E FZ in the CIB shows dissimilar trends of increase and decrease, and indicate a mix environment in the basin. This study indicates that the FZ in the CIB has an important role in controlling the distribution of clay minerals.     

应用于油气勘探的石油地球化学新进展

本文概述了石油形成、成熟和运移研究中的最新进展.不同的油气源岩形成烃类的潜能取决于干酪根的类型.除了典型的Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类以外,还研究了残余的、氧化的有机质,这些有机质不可能产烃.一般认为煤是可能的气源岩,但是有一些煤同样可以形成相当数量的石油.日常分析手段,尤其是热解技术的发展使我们可以编绘地球化学曲线,以此为基础筛选试样和解释其它分析资料.在光学技术中,主要讨论的课题是无定形有机质的特征(这类有机质可能包含了不同化学类型的干酪根)及镜质体反射率技术对Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类干酪根的适用性.当鉴定沉积物和原油中的生物标志化合物取得重要进展后,它们可应用于对比油一油源岩,有人提出可以将其用于恢复沉积环境及演化历史.目前对烃类运移的认识也更加深了一步,人们普遍认识到烃相运移的重要性.孔隙流体的剩余压力是石油排驱的主要动力.盆地演化的地质模式(下降、压实、热历史)和地化模式(烃类形成及运移)逐渐得到应用.未来石油勘探重大进展之一肯定是将这两个模式结合起来,形成一个综合模式.     

进入密度不连续层的气泡运动的初步实验模拟

本文介绍一种可清晰地显示孤立气泡内部运动的实验方法。当气泡部分地进入密度不连续层时,除在气泡内生成一个对称主涡环外,还可出现另一个对称的同向次级涡环,其面元比主涡环小一个量级。同向次级涡环的发现揭示了气泡内部运动的细致结构。     

FLOW MECHANISMS AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN COMPOUND CHANNELS

IINTRODUCTIONCompoundortWo-stagechannelshavereceivedconsiderableattentioninrecentyearsduetotheirrelevancetofloodstudiesinnaturalrivers,theirsignificanceinunderstandingrivermol'phology,andtheiruseinsomefloodalleviationschemeswherethefloodplainshavebeenartificiallyloweredtoproduceengineeredchannels.ThispaperreviewsworkwhichhasbeenundertakenintheUKFloodChannelFacility(FCF)overthepastdecade.TheACewasbuiltatHRWallingfordin1986,asalargescalenationalfacilityforhydraulicengineeringstUdies.T…     

地形降水机制

从降水量—地形高度对应关系图上可以清楚地看出山脉对水分循环的影响。图1和图2就是例子。在有些地理区城,这种对应关系是已为人们所了解,但在其它区域并非如此,许多年来关于这个问题的科学研究一直进行得很缓慢。本文回顾了目前人们对地形降水的了解。Bonacina(1945),