An inventory of factors that affect polysaccharide production by Phaeocystis globosa

Phaeocystis material contains polysaccharides that are built from at least eight different monosaccharides. Differences have been reported between the carbohydrate composition of different Phaeocystis species, and also between samples taken from Phaeocystis globosa blooms in different areas. In order to elucidate factors that could play a role in determining variation in carbohydrate composition and production, a number of Phaeocystis globosa strains were studied under laboratory conditions. Although there was a clear distinction of a northern and a southern cluster in the Phaeocystis globosa strains based on RAPD analysis, the differences in the composition of the mucopolysaccharides were relatively small. The contribution of glucose, however, ranged from 7–85% of total sugars. A strain that was cultured in seawaters of diverse origin produced polysaccharides of a different composition, suggesting the effect of environmental factors. The presence of bacteria affected neither the amount, nor the composition of the carbohydrates that were produced by Phaeocystis globosa. Glucose is part of both the intracellular polysaccharide pool and of the mucopolysaccharides in the colony matrix. Using specific digestion of the intracellular chrysolaminaran by laminarinase, the distribution of polysaccharides over different pools could be assessed. During growth of an axenic, mucus-producing strain, the portion of glucose present as chrysolaminaran appeared to increase. The polyglucose that was not digested by laminarinase remains unidentified. This study shows that environmental factors rather than strain differences determine differences in the sugar composition of Phaeocystis globosa, especially with respect to the glucose content of the material. A difference in the contribution of glucose could be correlated to the portion of cells in the culture that are not in the colonies. Our study emphasises that for studying polysaccharide dynamics in Phaeocystis globosa it is important to be able to discriminate between the different polysaccharide pools. Preliminary results of an enzymatic approach were promising     

Description of possible causes of the formation of anomalies of the cloud field over the Atlantic-European sector in the spring of 1996

We describe one of possible mechanisms of the formation of anomalies of the cloud field over the North Atlantic and Europe by using, as an example, the processes developed in the Atlantic-European sector during the natural synoptic season in the spring of 1996. It is shown that the anomalies of the cloud field can be classified with the use of the index of the North Atlantic oscillation and the latitude of the center of the Azorean maximum. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Variability in concentration of suspensates in an estuarine environment

Three data sets of suspensate concentrations, collected under different sampling plans, were analyzed to develop a minimal sampling period, consistent with a predetermined precision. Individual samples collected during any part of a given day were within ±50% of the daily average. In the main channel of the estuary, a monthly sampling scheme closely approximated a weekly pattern; however, seasonal sampling was unsatisfactory. Outside the main channel, weekly, monthly, and seasonal sampling patterns did not differ greatly. Variability in suspensate concentrations must be considered when calculating sediment flux in estuarine and coastal waters.     

Significant load and green water on deck of offshore units/vessels

In this paper the probability of green water occurrence is investigated by taking into account the threshold of the vertical relative motion exceeding the freeboard. The number of wetting of the unit/vessel is predicted using probabilistic method. This paper compares the significant load, due to shipping of green water with the works of other researchers, and the loads are found to be close with the results presented in this paper. There is no direct relation between the velocities in the waves and the water velocity over the deck. The water velocities around the bow are heavily distributed by the presence of the bow. This scenario makes the flow very complex for schematic modelling.     

蛋白核小球藻在废水污泥中培养的研究

啤酒厂废水污泥中含有一定的营养元素和活性物质。本研究利用废水污泥培养蛋白核小球藻（Chlorellapyrenoidosa）取得了初步结果。将一定比例的活性污泥掺入普通培养液形成混合培养基,其中80：20试验组无论从蛋白核小球藻的生物量还是粗蛋白的含量均与普通培养基的培养产物近似,具有实践意义。结果表明,混合培养基培养某些藻类,不仅降低了养殖成本,还可净化环境,为废水污泥用于藻类养殖开辟了一条新途径。     

The Ctenophore,Beroe ovata Bruguière, 1789 – the New Invader in the Ecosystem of the Caspian Sea

Oceanology - In November 2020, the invasive ctenophore Beroe ovata Bruguière, 1789 was recorded in samples of gelatinous zooplankton from the northern and central parts of the Caspian Sea. The...     

On Termodynamics of Kolmogorov’s Scaling in Turbulence

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The model balance equation of turbulence is represented in the form of the first law of thermodynamics. The forms for entropy are derived with an...     

A Technique for Photogrammetric Estimation of Albedo of Snow–Ice Surfaces

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - New ways to improve the original technique for assessing the albedo of snow–ice surfaces with the use of ground measurements of incoming solar...     

Experiment of Wind Wave Parameter Research on the Black Sea Shelf

The article presents information on the current experiment of research on wind wave parameters in the Black Sea coastal zone. Two wave-meter devices are the part of the measuring equipment of the Black Sea testing site Gelendzhik of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (IO RAS). The integral characteristics of wind waves accumulated and obtained in real time may be in demand by experts in operational and satellite oceanography.