Release into the environment of metals by two vascular salt marsh plants

Metals in contaminated salt marshes are mainly locked in the anaerobic layer of sediments, where they are tightly bound as sulfides and organic complexes. Vascular plants survive in saturated soils in part by pumping O2 into their root zones, changing their microenvironment to an oxic one. This, along with chelating exudates, mobilizes metals, allowing uptake by the roots. We compared the common reed Phragmites australis and cordgrass Spartina alterniflora in lab and field studies for ways in which they handle trace metals. Both plants store most of their metal burden in their roots, but some is transported to aboveground tissues. Spartina leaves contain approximately 2-3 x more Cr, Pb, and Hg than Phragmites leaves, but equivalent Cu and Zn. Furthermore, Spartina leaves have salt glands, so leaf excretion of all metals is twice that of Phragmites. In-depth studies with Hg indicate that Hg excretion correlates with Na release but not with transpiration, which is 2.2 x higher in Phragmites; and that more Hg accumulates in early-appearing leaves than in upper (i.e. later) leaves in both species. Spartina thus makes more metals available to salt marsh ecosystems than Phragmites by direct excretion and via dead leaves which will enter the food web as detritus.     

两株琼胶酶高产细菌的筛选和鉴定

从海洋环境中筛选得到两株琼胶酶的高产菌株，通过形态观察和生理生化反应，确定它们属于弧菌属，通过BIOLOG细菌鉴定系统鉴定，并同弧菌属标准菌株分析比较，确定上方宝剑两株菌都是塔式弧菌（Vibrio tubiashii)，这两株菌在碳源利用方面存在差别。     

烟台海胆体内的纤毛虫和太平洋海胆体内纤毛虫的地理分布

1957年夏,中苏海洋动物综合考察队在黄海沿岸烟台地区工作时,参加考察队的阿·阿·斯特列科夫教授采集了海胆肠内的纤毛虫,并以此作为这篇文章的材料。在本文内将提出所见到的纤毛虫名称,并分析它们在太平洋地理分布的情况。     

通过对重力波曳力的参数化来减小数值天气预报和大气环流模式中的系统性误差

一、引 言 由于地形性激发的中尺度重力波的中断,在加拿大气候中心大气环流谱模式中有时候采用了波的曳力效应的参数化。这一参数化的细节以及它在大气环流模式气候模拟中影响的讨论,可见Boer等人(1985)的工作。 最近,人们利用激发重力波次尺度地形的更好的描绘,来修改这一参数化方案。还有,使用Lindzen(1981)的波饱和概念来描述曳力效应。这一关于地形重力波曳力参数化的作法已在加拿大气候中心的大气环流谱模式中广泛试验,在加拿大气象中心的业务的谱数值预报模式中也正在普遍进行试验。本文的目的所在于概述在这些模式中正在普遍使用的波的曳力方案,并且证明这一方案在消除中期预报和大气环流模拟的系统性误差方面的用处。     

海南岛珊瑚礁的主要类型

一、前言 中苏海洋生物考察团,于1958年3—6月在中国南海的海南岛进行了考察工作,对该地区的海洋潮间带动物群的栖息条件和沿岸的动物生态学进行了调查研究。工作中除考察了岩石、红树丛、沙滩及泥滩的生物群落外,同时考察了热带海洋中典型的生物群落——珊瑚礁。     

黄海多毛类动物地理学的初步研究

1.黄海多毛类区系包含有中国沿岸特有地方性种,黄海和日本沿岸的特有地方性种,广温性热带暖水种,寒温带冷水种和广布种等不同性质成分。 2.值得提出的是太平洋东西两岸种在黄海的发现,计有19种。这些种的分布应该考虑不仅是由于历史的成因,在某种程度上幼体也许有可能随当前自日本沿岸流向美洲沿 岸的黑潮传布过去。多毛类有些种幼虫期很长,并且能随海流分布至深海(Thorson,1950)。 3.根据与邻近海区区系的比较,黄海多毛类与日本沿岸,特别是日本本州北部金华山附近的女川湾和松岛湾一带的区系最相近似,女川湾和松岛湾一带属亲潮寒流和黑潮暖流交汇区,因之在种类组成上不仅有来自南方的暖水种,同时,还有北方的冷水种,具有混合区系特征。黄海——本州北部应属同一地理区划。 4.黄海多毛类具有十分显著的混合区系特征,与日本的情况不同,黄海的暖水种多分布在潮间带,冷水种大部分在较深水域,井与深水区终年存在的冷水团有关。 5.黄海北部和中部应属北太平洋北温带和印度西太平洋热带区之间的过渡区。     

Macrofauna impact on Ulva rigida C. Ag. production and relationship with environmental variables in the lagoon of Venice

The grazing pressure of the macrofaunal invertebrates associated with the biomass of Ulva rigida in the Venice lagoon, their species composition and relationship with environmental variables have been studied. Fifteen sampling campaigns were carried out during different seasons both in the central basin of the lagoon, dominated by macroalgae (especially U. rigida C. Ag.) and in the southern basin, prevalently populated by seagrasses (especially Zostera marina L.). Replicate experiments were conducted in the field by exposing Ulva fronds in net cages of 10 and 1 mm (control) mesh-sizes to allow or prevent grazer entrance. The grazing pressure was determined as Ulva growth rate difference in the cages. In the absence of invertebrate herbivores, Ulva exhibited per cent relative growth rates (%RGRs) ranging from 1.5 to 9.5% day(-1), whereas in their presence the %RGRs were significantly lower (from -2.5 to 3.4% day(-1)) and frequently negative, especially in the station dominated by macroalgae. In this area, peak grazing rates and macrofauna biomasses of up to 8.6% day(-1) and 1,480 g m(-2) fwt (84.4 ash-free dry weight), respectively, were found. On the whole, during in field experiments in the Ulva-dominated station, herbivores removed an amount of biomass whose percentage ranged from 59 to 165% (mean: 103%) of the biomass yield (grazers excluded) found in the cages. These results suggest the possibility that grazers could act as an important factor affecting Ulva production in the Venice lagoon. Macrofauna populations were analysed by means of multivaliate techniques applied to biological variables only and biological and environmental variables together. Data of individual abundance, after a log(x + 1) transformation and the calculation of the Bray-Curtis matrix, were classified using the Cluster Analysis and ordinated by means of the Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) technique, in accordance with the strategies used in the study of multispecies distributions. Finally, biological and environmental variables were analysed together by means of correlation matrices and the Principal Component Analysis.     

Variational iteration solving method for El Nio phenomenon atmospheric physics of nonlinear model

1 IntroductionThe El Ni’o atmospheric physics oscillation is anabnormal phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacificocean- atmosphere interactions. Studies on the El Ni(ophenomenon are very attractive (Lin et al., 2000; Linet al., 2001, 2002; Wang, 2001; Feng et al., 2001;Feng et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2002; Wei and Chen,2003; Xie et al., 2002; Zhu et al., 2002; Pu et al.,2003; Gu et al., 2004; Yu and Liu, 2004). Lin and Mo(2004), Mo and Lin (2004) and Mo et al. (2004) alsostudied a s…     

Use of suppressive subtractive hybridization and cDNA arrays to discover patterns of altered gene expression in the liver of dihydrotestosterone and 11-ketotestosterone exposed adult male largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

In this study male largemouth bass (LMB) were exposed to the naturally occurring androgens, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in order to identify genes that are differentially regulated by these steroid hormones. Using subtractive hybridization on livers of fish treated with DHT against vehicle control, many novel LMB genes were cloned. These genes were added to our gene library and arrayed. Six genes were up-regulated and five were down-regulated by both androgens. But, each androgen also regulated specific genes. One gene that was identified as a potential androgen marker was spermidine-spermine-N(1)-acetyltransferase that was up-regulated by both androgens. Determining which genes are responsive to natural androgens will help to identify biochemical pathways that are impacted.     

应用C14测定浮游生物初级生产力的方法

本文从单位时间和单位体积内通过光合作用转变为有机碳的重量出发,介绍了一个测定有机物初级生产力的新的海洋学方法。为了使对此感兴趣的人都能够参照他们各自的需要来应用或改进这一同位素定量方法,我们简短地对操作方法和历史作了一般的评价之后,还作了相当详尽的叙述。