Formation of dust ion-acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma with two-temperature trapped electrons

We look for particular solutions to the restricted three-body problem where the bodies are allowed to either lose or gain mass to or from a static atmosphere. In the case that all the masses are proportional to the same function of time, we find analogous solution to the five stationary solutions of the usual restricted problem of constant masses: the three collinear and the two triangular solutions, but now the relative distance of the bodies changes with time at the same rate. Under some restrictions, there are also coplanar, infinitely remote and ring solutions.     

A New Approach to ID-TIMS U–Pb Dating of Cassiterite by the Example of the Pitkäranta Tin Deposit

Doklady Earth Sciences - A new technique for the complete dissolution of cassiterite, which makes it possible to determine the age of this mineral by U–Pb isotope dilution (ID-TIMS), has been...     

Prediction of Uplift Pile Displacement Based on Cone Penetration Tests (CPT)

Accurate prediction of uplift pile displacement is necessary to ensure appropriate structural and serviceability performance of civil projects. On the other hand, in recent years, machine-learning models have been applied to many geotechnical-engineering problems, with some degrees of success. The scope of this research includes three main stages: (1) the compilation of load–displacement data sets, obtained from the published literature, (2) analysis of machine learning models that predict the uplift pile displacement based on the cone penetration test data, and the relative importance of input parameters that have been evaluated using senility analysis by the artificial neural network, In addition, this paper also examines the different selection of input parameters and internal network parameters to obtain the optimum model, (3) A parametric study has also been performed for the input parameters to study the consistency of the suggested model. The statistical parameters and parametric study obtained in this research show the superiority of the current model. It is demonstrated that machine learning models such as ANN and GP models outperform the traditional methods, and provide accurate uplift pile displacement predictions.     

Über die mitoseverhältnisse im Felchenei (Coregonus lavaretus L. Steinmann)

Summary The new results described in the foregoing work were obtained by the smearing technique from the egg material of gwyniads (coregonids) coming from the Lake of Zurich and from the Lake of Constance (near Ermatingen). The results of these experiments deviate from those obtained up to now. Thus an entire series of different chromosome numbers was discovered, as a rule, in one and the same embryo. In the majority of cases, these numbers do not have a definite relation to one another. This fact excludes an endomitotic polyploidization. However, if we consider only those numbers which come up frequently we can place them in series as multiples of 7 or 12. A dispersion around certain numbers is due to the phenomenon of non-disjunction. The number 84 appears most frequently. A set of this number does not show groups of 4—contrary to the experiments ofSvaerdson andKupka. However, groups of 4 can be proven with some certainty on an analysed plate with 146 chromosomes. Consequently, there exists polyploidization through endomitoses in numbers exceeding at least 84. Differences in the phases of the successive stages of mitosis as well as tripolar anaphases give indications to a certain mechanism of nucleus decrease, particularly, since in both phenomena the numbers of chromosomes involved can also be found as total chromosome number in smaller nuclei. Today it is impossible to determine a definite chromosome number as being haploidic forCoregonus lavaretus L. (Steinmann) since no special experiments have been performed up to now. However, since the number 84 appears most frequently, a certain preeminence can probably be given to it. It appears that the mentioned deviations from the theoretical normal case are not abnormalities but should be considered as being normal in the development ofCoregonus lavaretus L. (Steinmann).

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Vorl?ufige Mitteilung     

Naming undersea features of the Sea of Japan: History and modern problems

This communication is dedicated to the investigation history and naming of the undersea morphostructures of the Sea of Japan for the last 50 years. Many of them were first described and studied during long-term geological-geophysical investigations in this basin carried out by Russian scientists. The analysis of 60 names of its undersea feature names revealed that only approximately half of them are cited in the GEBCO Gazetteer some of the undersea morphostructures are known under two or more names, the origin of their names is unknown, or their names were chosen voluntarily. For maintaining the priority of Russian investigations, the nomenclature and names of the undersea features should be adjusted in accordance with the national and international principles and regulations.     

Measured and modeled wave overtopping on a natural beach

The rate of wave overtopping of a barrier beach is measured and modeled. Unique rate of wave overtopping field data are obtained from the measure of the Carmel River, California, lagoon filling during a time when the lagoon is closed-off with no river inflow. Volume changes are based on measured lagoon height changes applied to a measured hypsometric curve. Wave heights and periods are obtained from directional wave spectra data in 15 m fronting the beach. Beach morphology was measured by GPS walking surveys. Three empirical overtopping models by Van der Meer and Janssen (1995), Hedges and Reis (1998) and Pullen et al. (2007) with differing parameterizations on wave height, period and beach slope and calibrated using extensive laboratory data obtained over plane, impermeable beaches are applied in a quasi-2D manner and compared with the field observations. Three overtopping events are considered when morphology data were available less than 2 weeks prior to the event. The models are tuned to fit the data using a reduction factor to account for beach permeability, berm characteristics, non-normal wave incidence and surface roughness influence. In addition, the run-up model by Stockdon et al. (2006) based on field data is examined and found to underestimate run-up as the calculated values were too small to predict any of the observed overtopping. The three overtopping models performed similarly well with values of 0.72–0.87 for the two narrow-banded wave cases, with an average reduction factor of 0.78. The European model (Pullen et. al., 2007) performed best overall and in particular for the case of the broad-banded, double peaked wave spectrum.     

Structure,Matter Composition,and Deep Structure of the Oceanic Slope of the Central Kuril Islands: New Evidence

The results of reinterpretation of the geophysical data obtained during the study of the central sector of the Kuril Island Arc (2005–2010) are reported. The new boundaries of the shallow bedding of the basement and its block uplifts of varied composition are defined within the previously discovered zone of tectonic stretching and destruction of the Vityaz submarine ridge and interarc trough. Interblock depressions filled with sedimentary and volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks are distinguished. Areas represented by volcanoplutonic complexes including basic and sialic series (up to granite) are distinguished within the unbroken basement of the Vityaz Ridge. Intrusions and volcanic edifices composed of basic rocks are registered on the whole area studied. The relationship between the formation of the destruction zone and the geodynamic processes in the mantle is illustrated by the map of the Moho relief and structural-density model of the Earth’s crust.     

Observations of the Ushant tidal front in September 2007

The Ushant tidal front is the dominant feature of the summer season hydrological structure of the Iroise Sea. It separates tidally mixed coastal waters from thermally stratified open Celtic Sea waters. This article reports on observations made in September 2007 during two short cruises that took place aboard R/V “Côtes de la Manche”, and gives a general account of the physical structure of the front along one cross-frontal transect. The data set comprises data from a 4 month ADCP mooring, short CTD/fluorescence/nutrients transects, Lagrangian drifter trajectories, and HF radar surface current measurements. One finding is that the surface and bottom fronts, being affected by different dynamical influences, are not necessarily coincident in the vertical. This entails that the opposite density gradients located above and below the thermocline depth do not necessarily compensate, and can each be associated with a significant surface geostrophic expression. A second finding is that mixing effects bear a very strong influence on the thermal structure of the warm-water intrusions associated with frontal cyclonic eddies of the kind described by Pingree [1978. Cyclonic eddies and cross-frontal mixing. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 58 (4), 955–963].     

Atmospheric temperature sounding with the Fourier spectrometer

Preliminary results of a space experiment using the IKFS-2 infrared sounder (Meteor-M2 satellite) showed high-quality of measurements of spectra of the outgoing thermal radiation of the atmosphere–surface system and the adequacy of developed IR radiation atmospheric models in the 15-μm carbon gas absorption band used to recover the vertical profiles of the atmospheric temperature. Outgoing radiation spectra measured by IKFS-2 instruments make it possible to restore vertical temperature profiles with errors close to 1K in most of the 0–30 km high-altitude region, except for the lower troposphere and altitudes above 30 km, where these errors are close to 2–3K.