全文获取类型
收费全文 | 61368篇 |
免费 | 6194篇 |
国内免费 | 7877篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 3256篇 |
大气科学 | 8932篇 |
地球物理 | 13646篇 |
地质学 | 26095篇 |
海洋学 | 6288篇 |
天文学 | 7595篇 |
综合类 | 3665篇 |
自然地理 | 5962篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 456篇 |
2022年 | 1552篇 |
2021年 | 1874篇 |
2020年 | 1571篇 |
2019年 | 1860篇 |
2018年 | 2450篇 |
2017年 | 2308篇 |
2016年 | 2684篇 |
2015年 | 2088篇 |
2014年 | 2743篇 |
2013年 | 3438篇 |
2012年 | 2764篇 |
2011年 | 3126篇 |
2010年 | 3068篇 |
2009年 | 3250篇 |
2008年 | 2948篇 |
2007年 | 2837篇 |
2006年 | 2459篇 |
2005年 | 2073篇 |
2004年 | 1759篇 |
2003年 | 1691篇 |
2002年 | 1646篇 |
2001年 | 1642篇 |
2000年 | 1781篇 |
1999年 | 2025篇 |
1998年 | 1692篇 |
1997年 | 1713篇 |
1996年 | 1495篇 |
1995年 | 1378篇 |
1994年 | 1250篇 |
1993年 | 1082篇 |
1992年 | 944篇 |
1991年 | 802篇 |
1990年 | 698篇 |
1989年 | 646篇 |
1988年 | 613篇 |
1987年 | 516篇 |
1986年 | 466篇 |
1985年 | 511篇 |
1984年 | 512篇 |
1983年 | 516篇 |
1982年 | 479篇 |
1981年 | 420篇 |
1980年 | 435篇 |
1979年 | 355篇 |
1978年 | 313篇 |
1977年 | 305篇 |
1976年 | 272篇 |
1975年 | 266篇 |
1974年 | 271篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 796 毫秒
841.
Environmental change and oyster colonization within the Hudson River estuary linked to Holocene climate 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
S.?M.?CarbotteEmail author R.?E.?Bell W.?B.?F.?Ryan C.?McHugh A.?Slagle F.?Nitsche J.?Rubenstone 《Geo-Marine Letters》2004,24(4):212-224
Geophysical mapping and sampling data provide a record of changing environmental and faunal conditions within the Hudson River estuary during the mid- to late Holocene. On the shallow, broad marginal flats of the mesohaline Hudson, fossil oyster beds (Crassostrea virginica) are found exposed on the river bottom and buried by sediment. The shallowest beds are well imaged in chirp sub-bottom and side-scan sonar data and form discrete flow-perpendicular bands, 0.6–1.0 km wide and up to 3 km long, which cover 30% of the river bottom. Radiocarbon-dated sediment cores indicate oysters thrived within two time periods from ~500–2,400 and ~5,600–6,100 cal. years b.p. Sediment and physical property data indicate a changing depositional regime consistent with the oyster chronology. Similar changes in oyster presence are found in local shell midden sites of the Lower Hudson Valley as well as elsewhere along the Atlantic coast, and may reflect climatic controls associated with warm–cool cycles during the Holocene. Oysters flourished during the mid-Holocene warm period, disappeared with the onset of cooler climate at 4,000–5,000 cal. years b.p., and returned during warmer conditions of the late Holocene. The most recent demise of oysters within the Hudson at 500–900 cal. years b.p. may have accompanied the Little Ice Age. 相似文献
842.
843.
Santa Monica Bay is an open coastal embayment located directly seaward of Los Angeles, California. The Bay provides vital economic value through its water-dependent activities, such as swimming, diving, boating, and fishing. An increase from 100,000 residents in 1900 to 10 million in 2000 has imposed numerous environmental stressors on the Bay, including urbanization of the watershed. Pollutant discharges into the Bay increased throughout the early part of the century, but declined following passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972. Since that time, the predominant source of pollutant inputs has changed from point sources to non-point urban runoff. To assess how present-day and historical pollution interact to affect the environmental quality of Santa Monica Bay, three organizations collaborated on a multi-disciplinary study in 1997, towards which this volume is focused. This paper details the temporal patterns of anthropogenic influence on Santa Monica Bay to provide context for the papers that follow. 相似文献
844.
845.
为了实现现场测量地表水中矿物油含量的全光纤荧光计的研制。采用荧光光谱测量分析方法 ,于 1 999年 1 0月— 2 0 0 0年 5月 ,采集了国内外不同的地区原油和成品油共 2 3种 ,用1 4种不同波长的激发光激励 ,进行荧光光谱特性测量实验研究。同时 ,对不同浓度的矿物油、水混合液也进行了测量实验 ,得出其最低检测浓度为 0 .0 0 5mg/L ;测量了青岛近岸海域表层受油污染海水的含油量为 0 .0 1~ 0 .2 2mg/L ;此外对水中矿物油受激荧光发射原理也作了简述。并对水中矿物油荧光光谱特性、浓度与荧光强度的关系 ,以及为研制现场测量水中矿物油浓度的全光纤荧光计的可能性作出了结论性的意见 相似文献
846.
In recent years, bulk carriers have been identified with high risks of catastrophic structural failure and foundering, and with heavy loss of human life. This study, based upon Lloyd's of London casualty records, identified four risk factors that had significant, independent effect upon the likelihood of a bulk carrier foundering. The risk of foundering increased with the age of the ship, and was related to the ship's flag of registration. Most importantly, however, increased risks were found for heavy cargoes of iron ore and scrap steel or iron, and for trading routes to the Far East and from Europe to North America. Additional safety measures, in particular regarding ship design and high-risk trades, may well be necessary to reduce the high casualty rates. 相似文献
847.
The major and minor element compositions of a suite of abyssal sea-floor ferromanganese nodules and associated sediments from the eastern central Pacific have been used to examine inter-element relationships and the mineralogy of the nodules, the relationship between the composition of nodules and their associated sediments and regional variations in composition with respect to likely modes of formation of such deposits. Apart from Mn and Fe, significant proportions of the total Ti, Ca, Mg, K, Ba, Sr, Th and Y and almost all the P, As, Ce, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn and Zr are present in the oxide fractions of the nodules. The Mg, Ba, Cu, Mo, Ni and Zn contents are significantly correlated with the Mn content, while Ti, P, As, Pb, Sr, Y and Zr are similarly correlated with the total Fe content.Nodules from the northeastern tropical Pacific have Mn/Fe ratios higher than those in the oxide fractions of their associated sediments, todorokite as the principal Mn phase and relatively high concentrations of minor elements associated with Mn. Nodules from the south central Pacific have Mn/Fe ratios similar to those in the oxide fractions of the associated sediments, δ-MnO2 as the only Mn-phase, and relatively high concentrations of minor elements associated with Fe. There appears to be a smooth gradation in composition in the tropical Pacific between these two end members.The regional compositional variation is interpreted as a reflection of different sources of metals for, and different growth mechanisms of, sea-floor nodules. The oxide precipitate from sea water consists of δ-MnO2, has a relatively low Mn/Fe ratio and minor element contents related to the total Fe and Mn(δ-MnO2) content. The oxide precipitate forming in areas of very low sedimentation as a result of diagenetic remobilisation in the surface sediment consists of todorokite, and has a high Mn/Fe ratio and enhanced metal content in the Mn-(todorokite)phase. Available information on the morphology and compositional variation of individual nodules from the tropical Pacific corroborates these contrasting metal sources and suggests that they can be resolved on the scale of an individual oxide concretion. 相似文献
848.
隐虾类与海洋无脊椎动物的共栖关系(Ⅱ) 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
4隐虾类与腔肠动物的共栖关系隐虾类似乎对腔肠动物特别感兴趣,与之共栖者最多,达30属,但绝大多数是与珊瑚虫纲(Anthozoa),特别是石珊瑚目(Scleractinia)、柳珊瑚目(Gorgonacea)和海葵目(Actiniaria)共栖,这与珊瑚虫纲动物固着生活的习性,是珊瑚礁构造的主体,其结构,特别是群体的结构可形成大量的小空间,极适于隐虾类的生活习性大有关系以下分别简述隐虾类与腔肠动物各类群的共栖关系。4.1珊瑚虫纲4.1.1石珊瑚目隐虾类共有18属42种已确定与石珊瑚共栖,其中滨虾属… 相似文献
849.
本文通过对山东省38座代表性大、中型水库总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学耗氧量、硬度及电导率(λ)五种主要水化因子连续两年(1989~1990)的调查与研究,探讨了水化因子与水库鱼产力的关系。用反映鲢、鳙生长状况的综合生长指数(GI)作为水库鱼产力的指标。它与水化因子相关分析表明,总磷是山东省38座水库鱼产力的主要影响因子。提出GI与总磷、总氮及电导率等水化因子的逐步回归方程关系非常显著。证明利用水化因子作为水库鱼产力的评价指标是可行的。并指出:同一水库的相同水化因子存在年间差异,其主要原因在于降雨量和水库进水量的不同,鉴于此.同一水库鱼产力也存在年间差异。 相似文献
850.