与2005年10月8日巴基斯坦地震有关的超低频幅度异常

自2002年9月起,在阿格拉布设了由三分量感应式磁力仪（f=0．01～30Hz）组成的观测系统,监测与地震有关的超低频磁场辐射信息。大量的数据显示,正常情况下,三分量（Bx,By,Bz依次代表的方向是北南、东西和垂直向）的振幅都比较低,在0．01-0．3nT之间。偶尔也会发现By和Bz分量增强到0.3～2nT的现象（Bx分量最小）。这种增强大多对应地震的发生,By和Bz分量信号的增强分别对应阿格拉的东北（或南北）和西北方向的地震。不久前,就发现了Bz分量的增强与2005年10月8日发生在阿格拉西北900km的穆扎法拉巴德（巴基斯坦）大地震（M=7．7）之间存在这种对应关系。经研究2005年10月整月期间发生的太阳耀斑和磁暴,发现幅度增强与这些事件负相关。这就得到一个令人感兴趣的结果：这种幅度的增强是地震前兆现象,该前兆现象首先出现在震前约10天的9月27～30日,其次出现在震前的前3天,即2005年10月5日。通过对2005年9月17～10月29日之间的数据进行前后15天的平均（m）和标准偏差（m±2a）统计分析,可以证实这种信号是地震前兆信号。前兆信号强度上的增强,还可以从数据的小波分析结果中观察到。从数据的时频谱和功率谱分析显示信号增强发生在2Hz和7～8Hz,并且极化分析显示这是从下面传播而来的信号。     

Noble gas and carbon abundances of the Haverö, Dingo Pup Donga,and North Haig ureilites

Total carbon determinations on the Haverö, Dingo Pup Donga, and North Haig ureilites yield values of 2.07, 3.17, and 5.58 wt.%, respectively. Haverö and Dingo Pup Donga contain relatively large amounts of trapped Ar, Kr and Xe, which like the carbon content varies with grain size for Haverö. These two meteorites also contain dominant cosmic rayproduced He and Ne, and show ³He exposure ages of ~23 m.y. and ~7 m.y., respectively. North Haig contains much smaller amounts of trapped gases and spallogenic gases, which may result from loss due to terrestrial weathering. The isotopic composition of Xe in five grain size analyses of Haverö and a whole rock analysis of Dingo Pup Donga shows the presence of a major solar-like Xe component. The presence of this solar component adds an additional complication to the concept of forming ureilites from carbonaceous chondrites.     

The emission and absorption of waves by charged particles in magnetized plasmas

A semiclassical theory describing the emission and absorption of waves is applied to the interaction of charged particles with waves in magnetized plasmas. Spontaneous emission of all cold plasma wave modes is calculated in detail. The method gives the absorption coefficient for the waves and a diffusion equation in momentum space for the particles describing the effects of the induced processes.Coefficients describing the systematic change of particle parameters follow from the diffusion equation. Applications of astrophysical interest are outlined.     

Non-static conformally flat spherically symmetric perfect fluid distribution in Einstein-Cartan theory

In this paper we have obtained general solution representing conformally-flat, non-static spherically-symmetric perfect fluid distribution in Einstein-Cartan theory. In particular, the solution has been also discussed in co-moving coordinates. The explicit expressions for pressure, density, expansion, rotation, shear and non-vanishing components of flow vector have also been found.     

The Record of an Extreme Flood in the Sediments of Montane Lillooet Lake, British Columbia: Implications for Paleoenvironmental Assessment

Severe rainfall in mid October, 2003 produced the largest floods in almost a century of record on rivers in the Cordillera of southwestern British Columbia. Sediment deposited in Lillooet Lake as a result of this event is clearly distinguished by stratigraphy, colour, texture, magnetic properties, and organic content. Each of these physical properties is related to the lacustrine processes, especially turbid underflow, that distributed the sediment through the lake. The flood, which lasted less than a week, delivered 8–12 times the amount of sediment that accumulates in most entire years in the deepest, central parts of the lake. Recognition of events of this type in the stratigraphic record offers a means of assessing the changing nature of extreme hydroclimatic events, and their relation to more ubiquitous, lower-energy processes.     

Hydrogeophysical investigation and estimation of groundwater potentials of the Lower Palaeozoic to Precambrian crystalline basement rocks in Keffi area, north-central Nigeria, using resistivity methods

The use of resistivity sounding and two-dimensional (2-D) resistivity imaging was investigated with the aim of delineating and estimating the groundwater potential in Keffi area. Rock types identified are mainly gneisses and granites. Twenty-five resistivity soundings employing the Schlumberger electrode array were conducted across the area. Resistivity sounding data obtained were interpreted using partial curve matching approach and 1-D inversion algorithm, RESIST version 1.0. The 2-D resistivity imaging was also carried out along two traverses using dipole–dipole array, and the data obtained were subjected to finite element method modeling using DIPRO inversion algorithm to produce a two-dimensional subsurface geological model. Interpretation of results showed three to four geoelectrical layers. Layer thickness values were generally less than 2 m for collapsed zone, and ranged from 5 to 30 m for weathered bedrock (saprolite). Two major aquifer units, namely weathered bedrock (saprolite) aquifer and fractured bedrock (saprock) aquifer, have been delineated with the latter usually occurring beneath the former in most areas. Aquifer potentials in the area were estimated using simple schemes that involved the use of three geoelectrical parameters, namely: depth to fresh bedrock, weathered bedrock (saprolite) resistivity and fractured bedrock (saprock) resistivity. The assessment delineated the area into prospective high, medium and low groundwater potential zones.     

Conditions of Quaternary magmatism at Spitsbergen Island

Petrological and geochemical data obtained on the Quaternary lavas of volcanoes at Spitsbergen Island indicate that the rocks were produced via the deep-seated crystallization of parental alkaline magmas at 8–10 kbar. The character of clinopyroxene enrichment in incompatible elements indicates that the mineral crystallized from more enriched melts than those inferred from the composition of the host lavas. These melts were close to the parental melts previously found as veinlets in mantle hyperbasite xenoliths in the lavas. According to the character of their enrichment in Pb and Sr radiogenic isotopes and depletion in Nd, the basalts from Spitsbergen Island define a single trend with the weakly enriched tholeiites of the Knipovich Ridge, a fact suggesting the closeness of the enriched sources beneath the continental margin of Spitsbergen and beneath the spreading zone. Magmatic activity at Spitsbergen was related to the evolution of the Norwegian-Greenland basin, which evolved in pulses according to the shift of the spreading axes. The most significant of the latter events took place in the Neogene, when the Knipovich Ridge obtained its modern position near the western boundary of Spitsbergen. Early in the course of the evolution, the emplacement of alkaline melts generated at Spitsbergen into the oceanic mantle could form the enriched mantle, which was later involved in the melting process beneath the spreading zone.