黄河口水下底坡微地貌及其成因探讨

高分辨率的回声测深、旁侧声纳及浅地层剖面记录首次直观地揭示了黄河口水下底坡上发育有大量形态不同的微地貌类型。据其形态特征和规模的差异,将它们划分为平滑海底、凹坑与洼地、冲沟、残留岗丘及扰动复合海底等五种类型。这些微地貌分布在不同水深条件下的不同水下三角洲单元上,并存在着相互联系和相互转化。黄河口海域特殊的沉积环境和复杂的动力条件是导致水下底坡微地貌形成发育的主要机制。     

长江洒口疏浚土制成精细化工产品—蓝色颜料

分析了长江口疏浚土的成分后，选取其有效成分。然后，配以其它原料如炭粉等，经高温处理，可制得监色的颜料，并对颜料进行亲水亲油试验和电镜分析。     

红海及亚丁湾间之海水交换

分析表观耗氧量、滴定碱度及总二氧化碳量等资料来研判红海及亚丁湾间之海水交换。结果显示,红海深层水的方解石及霰石饱和度均比亚丁湾和阿拉伯海深层水的饱和度高。红海全水柱之方解石和霰石都处於过饱和状态,亚丁湾和阿拉伯海中各深度之方解石亦呈过饱和状态,但霰石的饱和探度则大约在500m左右。分析深层水之生物体无机碳与有机碳的分解比值,可以发现此地区深层水中,大约有25％的总二氧化碳增加量是由无机碳酸钙溶解而来。     

Underwater sounds near a fuel receiving facility in western Hong Kong: relevance to dolphins

Western Hong Kong is home to two species of marine mammals: Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides). Both are threatened in many parts of their range in southeast Asia [for example, International Biological Research Institute Reports 9 (1997), 41; Asian Marine Biology 14 (1997) 111]. In 1998, when the new Hong Kong International Airport opened in western Hong Kong, small tankers (about 100 m long, cargo capacity about 6300 metric tons) began delivering fuel to the Aviation Fuel Receiving Facility (AFRF) just off Sha Chau Island, north of the airport. Calibrated sound recordings were taken over a 4-day period from a quiet, anchored boat at distances 80-2000 m from aviation fuel delivery activities at the AFRF. From the recordings, 143 sections were selected for analysis. Narrowband spectral densities on the sound pressures were computed, and one-third octave band levels were derived for center frequencies from 10 to 16,000 Hz. Broadband levels, viz. 10-20,000 Hz. were also computed. The results showed that the Sha Chau area is normally noisy underwater, with the lowest broadband levels measured corresponding to those expected during a storm at sea (sea state 6). This background noise is believed to come largely from heavy vessel traffic in the Urmston Road to the north and east of Sha Chau and from vessels in the Pearl River Estuary to the West. The sound levels from the AFRF tankers are comparable to the levels measured from similar- and smaller-sized supply vessels supporting offshore oil exploration. The strongest sounds recorded were from a tanker leaving the AFRF at distance 100 m from the hydrophone, for which the one-third octave band level at 100 Hz was 141 dB re 1 microPa (spectrum level 127 dB re 1 microPa2/Hz) and the 10-20,000 Hz broadband level was 146 dB. At distances of 100 m or more and frequencies above 300 Hz, the one-third octave band levels were less than 130 dB (spectrum level 111 dB re 1 microPa2/Hz) and decreased with increasing frequency and distance. At distances greater than about 500 m, AFRF-associated sounds were negligible, masked by the generally high noise level of the area and attenuated by poor transmission in the very shallow water (<10 m). Because it is believed that humpbacked dolphins and finless porpoises are not very sensitive to sounds below 300 Hz, the Airport Authority Hong Kong (AA) stipulated that dedicated terminal vessels not radiate underwater sounds at spectrum levels greater than 110 dB re 1 microPa2/Hz at frequencies above 300 Hz and distances greater than 300 m. The spectrum levels at 300 Hz and higher frequencies of sounds from the tankers arriving, departing, or off-loading at AFRF were less than 110 dB re 1 microPa2/Hz even at distances of 200 m or less. The AA stipulation was met. However, it is presently unknown whether the generally strong noise levels of western Hong Kong inhibit acoustically based feeding and communication, or result in increased stress or permanent shifts in hearing thresholds.     

胶州湾环流和污染扩散数值模拟Ⅳ胶州湾变边界模型

胶州湾的潮滩面积约占高潮水域面积的三分之一．因而模拟包括潮滩在内的潮汐运动过程将能更好地重现这一实际的物理现象。为此．本文采用变动边界模型处理潮滩区域．并得到优于固定边界模型的计算结果。     

赫崇本教授——我国海洋科学的先驱组织者

赫崇本,物理海洋学教授,现任山东海洋学院教授兼副院长。赫崇本一九○八年九月三十日生于辽宁省凤城县杨木区前进村一个满族家里,一九三二年夏毕业于清华大学理学院物理系;一九四三年赴美国加省理工学院和加州斯库里普斯海洋研究所专攻气象学和海洋学,获哲学博士学位。解放前,赫崇本曾先后任天津河北工学院教师、烟台益文中学教员、南开中学教员、清华大学物理系助教、昆明西南联大讲师。中华人民共和国成立以后,历任山东大学海洋系教授兼系主任、山东海洋学院教授、教务长和副院长等职。他还兼任中国海洋湖沼学会副理事长、中国科学院海洋研究所学术委员、南海海洋研究所学术顾问、“中国科学”编委、“大百科全书”海洋学卷副主编等职。赫崇本一九五六年加入中国共产党,曾当选为     

珠江口沉积物酸挥发性硫化物与重金属生物毒性的研究

研究了2003年10月采于珠江口5个站位的沉积物剖面酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)和同时提取的重金属(SEM:Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd,Ni)。其中,站位1、2位于中滩,其沉积物的AVS含量变化范围较小,为0.25—4.06μmol.g-1;站位3、4位于西滩,其沉积物的AVS含量变化范围较大,为0—26.09μmol.g-1。中滩和西滩沉积物的AVS含量均随深度增加。西滩表层沉积物的AVS含量接近于零,这可能与该水域较强的底层流和沉积物的再悬浮作用有关。站位5位于珠江口外侧,其表层沉积物的AVS含量相对较高,且垂向变化较小,可能是还原性沉积物间歇性再悬浮后重新沉积的结果。站位1、2和5沉积物中同时提取的重金属含量大体在0.95±0.2μmol.g-1范围内,随深度增加略呈下降趋势;而西滩沉积物重金属含量相对较高,为1.43—2.42μmol.g-1,且在一定深度范围内随深度增加呈明显下降的趋势,表明珠江口西滩沉积物中的重金属污染有加重的趋势。对AVS/SEM摩尔比值和单个金属的毒性效应研究显示,珠江口内尤其是西滩的表层沉积物存在重金属污染,对其中生活的底栖生物具有潜在的毒性效应。