Water quality monitoring: a combined approach to investigate gradients of change in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

For the managers of a region as large as the Great Barrier Reef, it is a challenge to develop a cost effective monitoring program, with appropriate temporal and spatial resolution to detect changes in water quality. The current study compares water quality data (phytoplankton abundance and water clarity) from remote sensing with field sampling (continuous underway profiles of water quality and fixed site sampling) at different spatial scales in the Great Barrier Reef north of Mackay (20 degrees S). Five transects (20-30 km long) were conducted from clean oceanic water to the turbid waters adjacent to the mainland. The different data sources demonstrated high correlations when compared on a similar spatial scale (18 fixed sites). However, each data source also contributed unique information that could not be obtained by the other techniques. A combination of remote sensing, underway sampling and fixed stations will deliver the best spatial and temporal monitoring of water quality in the Great Barrier Reef.     

Water quality in the Great Barrier Reef region: responses of mangrove, seagrass and macroalgal communities

Marine plants colonise several interconnected ecosystems in the Great Barrier Reef region including tidal wetlands, seagrass meadows and coral reefs. Water quality in some coastal areas is declining from human activities. Losses of mangrove and other tidal wetland communities are mostly the result of reclamation for coastal development of estuaries, e.g. for residential use, port infrastructure or marina development, and result in river bank destabilisation, deterioration of water clarity and loss of key coastal marine habitat. Coastal seagrass meadows are characterized by small ephemeral species. They are disturbed by increased turbidity after extreme flood events, but generally recover. There is no evidence of an overall seagrass decline or expansion. High nutrient and substrate availability and low grazing pressure on nearshore reefs have lead to changed benthic communities with high macroalgal abundance. Conservation and management of GBR macrophytes and their ecosystems is hampered by scarce ecological knowledge across macrophyte community types.     

A SHORT NOTE ON THE ACCUMULATION OF ZINC, COPPER AND IRON IN THE POLYCHAETE NEPHTYS HOMBERGI COLLECTED FROM THE TYNE ESTUARY IN ENGLAND

Because of the increasing threat posed by heavy metal pollution of the sea, much work has been done recently to help understand the mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation in marine animals. Some organisms, particularly bivalve molluscs, have received a great deal of attention while other organisms, such as the polychaete Nephtys hombergi, have received little attention. The present brief observations are presented here as one of the first contributions made concerning metal accumulation in this species.     

密度差随深度变化的不规则截面二度体的重力异常

本文是将Hubbert(1948)的线积分法用于求得密度差随深度呈线性变化的任意截面二度体的重力异常。以N边的多边形代替物体截面,利用任一边的两个顶点坐标来求其相应的重力异常,然后再对各边产生的重力异常进行求和得出总的重力效应。在这里我们还研究了密度差随深度呈指数变化的情况。利用这个方法求得了美国加州San Jacinto地堑的构造,在该地堑内充填的沉积物其密度差是随深度呈指数增加的。     

巴什基里亚含铜黄铁矿隐伏矿床的预测和找矿

在巴什基里亚的几个矿区——锡拜、巴依马克、布里拜——从事的研究,重点是查明隐伏矿床预测的必要因素,有如:在容矿火山岩层的地质剖面上,在矿区与矿田的构造上,以及在围岩热液蚀变晕中含铜黄铁矿矿体的分布规律.现将研究确定的若干基本规律介绍如下:在马格尼托哥尔斯克大复向斜范围内,含铜黄铁矿矿床赋存于细碧角斑岩(钠流纹玄武岩)建造的志留纪和中泥盆世火山岩系中.不同成分岩层的接触带,经常是辉绿岩与英安玢岩的接触带,以及火山碎屑岩层对硫化矿分布最为有利.含矿火山岩系被中、     

根据观测数据论太阳光球的构造

在解决许多天体物理学问题的时候,首先在研究太阳光谱的时候,太阳上层构造的资料是不可少的。因此已经不止一次地有人企图创造出一个对于太阳光球的试用模型,然而月前还没有能夠得到一个全面验证过的、完全符合于观测数据的结果。作为本论文中所将提出的太阳光球上层构造情景的基础的,是太阳圆面临边昏暗的观测,从这种观测可以求出温度T对于就某一波长而言的光深τ_λ的相关关系。     

Coastal pollution hazards in southern California observed by SAR imagery: stormwater plumes, wastewater plumes, and natural hydrocarbon seeps

Stormwater runoff plumes, municipal wastewater plumes, and natural hydrocarbon seeps are important pollution hazards for the heavily populated Southern California Bight (SCB). Due to their small size, dynamic and episodic nature, these hazards are difficult to sample adequately using traditional in situ oceanographic methods. Complex coastal circulation and persistent cloud cover can further complicate detection and monitoring of these hazards. We use imagery from space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), complemented by field measurements, to examine these hazards in the SCB. The hazards are detectable in SAR imagery because they deposit surfactants on the sea surface, smoothing capillary and small gravity waves to produce areas of reduced backscatter compared with the surrounding ocean. We suggest that high-resolution SAR, which obtains useful data regardless of darkness or cloud cover, could be an important observational tool for assessment and monitoring of coastal marine pollution hazards in the SCB and other urbanized coastal regions.