湖泊沉积物研究和利用的新见解

近几年来,苏联坚持不懈地和定向地实行自然资源合理利用和环境保护的措施。特别是湖泊天然资源的利用问题更为迫切,因为它对于发展渔业、提供动力和水源,灌溉农田以及寻找沉积矿床等具有重要的国民经济意义。在解决许多实际问题时,应用古植物学方法进行古地理研究具有重要的作用。     

金属矿床的地球化学分类

在地壳的地球化学场中,金属矿床是极为密集的异常,它常具比较明显的同心环带状结构和递减的边界。我们所观察到的异常规模是极不相同的,但在大多数情况下它们不超过10~8—10~9M~3,这说明其局限性或密集性。解决说明这种异常强度的问题比较复杂。与元素分配(这种分配可由元素的平均含量及分散度估计)比较均匀的岩石体及其建造不同,金属矿床是由矿体和金属晕组成,在一般情况下,它的特点是有规律增长的富集度,并且具有显     

MECHANISM OF THE HYDROLYSIS OF ADENOSINE 5＇-TRIPHOSPHATE: A REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF KINETIC DATA

Data of the hydrolysis of adenosine 5'-triphosphate have been re-evaluated using a computer program thatnumerically integrates the differential rate equations within a routine that optimizes rate coefficients givena suitable model and concentration versus time data. The model is tested by calculation of Hamilton R-values, the Fisher F-statistic, a sensitivity analysis,the standard errors on the rate coefficients and by constructing contour maps of the objective functionversus two rate coefficients. An optimization using only phosphate concentration data cannot distinguish between a model in whichadenosine 5'-monophosphate is formed predominantly directly with a molecule of pyrophosphate, andone in which it is formed via adenosine 5'-diphosphate. A more accurate set of rate coefficients iscalculated from existing data and the relative importance of the two paths determined.     

海岸及河口的现代研究方法

编写海岸水册是研究海岸水文和地貌的最终目的。海岸水册总括海的沿岸水文和地貌的全部费料(包括河口)。水册是修建商港、军港,规划商业航行和军事航行、鱼业、沿岸城市经济和设计海堤等工作所必需的。许多海洋国家最近才开始整理多年视察所得的零散的材料,编纂水册。苏联已编好了黑海水册,其他海岸水册也在编写中。     

Temperatures and Winds over Tropical Middle Atmosphere during Two Contrasting Summer Monsoons, 1975 and 1979

Using the monthly geopotential heights and winds for 700 and 200 hPa for India during July and August, and the weekly M-100 Soviet rocketsonde temperature and wind data for Thumba (8.5 ° N, 76.9 ° E) during the last week of June and the first week of September for the two contrasting summer monsoon years 1975 (a very strong monsoon year) and 1979 (a very weak monsoon year), a study has been made to examine the mean circulation features of the troposphere over India, and the structures of the temperatures and the winds of the middle atmosphere over Thumba. The study suggested that the axis of the monsoon trough (AMT) at 700 hPa shifted southward in 1975 and northward towards the foothills of the Himalayas in 1979, from its normal position. Superimposed on the low-pressure area (AMT) at 700 hPa, a well-defined divergence was noticed at 200 hPa over the northern India in 1975.The mean temperatures at 25,50 and 60 km (middle atmosphere) over Thumba were cooler in 1975 than in 1979. While a cooling trend i     

1986年2月4日太阳耀斑的演化研究

本文根据乌鲁木齐天文站的H_α耀斑及3.2cm射电流量观侧资料、云南天文台的黑子精细结构照相和Marshall Space Flight Center的向量磁场图,对1986年2月4日的六个耀斑的形态相关及演化联系,特别是0736UT 4B/3X大耀斑的发展过程进行了综合分析。主要结果是: 1.4日大耀斑的初始亮点和闪光相的主要形态演化,与活动区中沿中性线新浮现的强大电流/磁环系密切相关。后者的主要标志是沿中性线的长的剪切半影纤维及它两端的偶极旋涡黑子群(1_3F_3)。 2.上述大耀斑与1972年8月4日0624 UT大耀斑爆发的磁场背景及主要形态特征相似,表明两者的储能和触发机制可能相同。 3.大耀斑爆发的H_α初始亮点,双带出现,环系形成,亮物质抛射和吸收冕珥等现象同3.2cm射电流量的变化在时间上有较好的对应关系。 4.重复性的前期小耀斑爆发位置和发展趋势与大耀斑的主要形态及演化特征相似。它们相对于剪切的纵场中性线两侧的位置相近或相同。因而,可以看作上述强大电流/磁环系不稳性发展过程中的前置小爆发。     

黑龙江流域地貌特征及其对农业的意义

黑龙江流域面积十分广阔,达1,843,000平方公里(约有48%在中国境内,50%以上在苏联境内,一小部分在蒙古人民共和国境内)。如果把沿呼伦贝尔的半干旱地区包括在内,总面积近200万平方公里(1,963,000平方公里)。全流域的自然地理条件十分复杂。自     

Evaluation of the Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. digestive gland metallothionein as a biomarker in a long-term field study: seasonal and spatial variability

A study was made of seasonal and spatial variability of metallothionein (MT) concentrations, determined spectrophotometrically in the soluble fraction of the digestive gland of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, collected between 1999 and 2001 from several coastal and estuarine locations along the central Eastern Adriatic coast (Croatia). The seasonal influence on the MT and metal concentrations (higher values in winter-spring season, than in summer-autumn season) is more pronounced than the local site-specific influence. Furthermore, within each season a significant site-specific dependence on the MT and trace metal variations can be detected. An inverse relationship of mussel condition index (CI) and temperature with MT and trace metals levels indicates the influence of food abundance and mussel annual reproductive cycle. Substantially higher concentrations of both MT and Cd were recorded in mussels inhabiting estuarine locations, possibly indicating a markedly higher Cd bioavailability at these locations. The positive correlations obtained between MT and Cd in all seasons except autumn support an argument for application of digestive gland MT as a biomarker of Cd exposure, providing evidence for assessing the most appropriate season for mussel sampling.