The main issues affecting coasts of the Indian and western Pacific Oceans: a meta-analysis from Seas at the Millennium

A review of the world oceans in three volumes by 365 scientists, provides scope for several ‘meta-analyses' of the main problems affecting over 100 areas in the year 2000. This article summarises the main issues affecting a sub-set of the reviewed areas, covering Asian, African and Arabian countries dealt with in Volume 2, which included over 50 articles. From all issues raised, assessment is made of the nature of the major ones, including evaluation of reasons why so many of them remain important issues after so much attention to them. These include long standing problems, several problems more newly flagged as becoming particularly important, the issue of global warming and no less than three related issues connected with fishing and over exploitation. One or two issues such as industrial pollution and sewage, previously considered of almost universal concern, almost traditional pollution issues even, continue to feature strongly for some countries, but while these were almost always referred to in Seas chapters, by and large these categories appear not to be the most pressing of issues today, except in localized areas (albeit areas where huge numbers of people live). Perhaps other issues have simply taken over. They are excluded from this article.     

STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF A WATERSHED-SCALE SEDIMENT INFORMATION NETWORK

A "Watershed-Scale Sediment Information Network" (WaSSIN), designed to complement UNESCO’s International Sedimentation Initiative, was endorsed as an initial project by the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research. WaSSIN is to address global fluvial-sediment information needs through a network approach based on consistent protocols for the collection, analysis, and storage of fluvial-sediment and ancillary information at smaller spatial scales than those of the International Sedimentation Initiative. As a second step of implementation, it is proposed herein that the WaSSIN have a general structure of two components, (1) monitoring and data acquisition and (2) research. Monitoring is to be conducted in small watersheds, each of which has an established database for discharge of water and suspended sediment and possibly for bed load, bed material, and bed topography. Ideally, documented protocols have been used for collecting, analyzing, storing, and sharing the derivative data. The research component is to continue the collection and interpretation of data, to compare those data among candidate watersheds, and to determine gradients of fluxes and processes among the selected watersheds. To define gradients and evaluate processes, the initial watersheds will have several common attributes. Watersheds of the first group will be: (1) six to ten in number, (2) less than 1000 km2 in area, (3) generally in mid-latitudes of continents, and (4) of semiarid climate. Potential candidate watersheds presently include the Weany Creek Basin, northeastern Australia, the Zhi Fanggou catchment, northern China, the Eshtemoa Watershed, southern Israel, the Metsemotlhaba River Basin, Botswana, the Aiuaba Experimental Basin, Brazil, and the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, southwestern United States.     

机载GPS自适应天线阵的测量结果

共形安装的机载GPS自适应天线阵的性能会受到阵列单元和飞机机身之间相互作用的影响。本文将介绍安装在比例为1：8的F－16飞机模型机身上的7单元微带贴片天线自适应阵列的设计和测量结果，以便评估这种天线阵与飞机间的相互作用及其在将多部宽带干扰机调零时对阵列性能的影响。自适应天线阵工作在12.6GHz的频率上，带宽为160MHz，分别是GPS L1频率和带宽的8倍。所有7个单元的远场天线方向图均在近场天线范围内的成比例频段上作了测量。为了更好地了解机体对天线方向图的影响，我们还将对隔离微带贴片单元测出的方向图与根据OSU－NEWAIR程序（code)计算出的天线方向图作了比较，OSU－NEWAIR程序使用均匀衍射理论来分析天线与机身间的相互作用。比较的结果表明，测量得的方向图和计算出的方向图之间具有良好的一致性。从这些缩比模型测量中收集的数据正在用来测试MITRE（麻省理工学院研究小组）开发的时空自适应调零算法在多部宽带干扰机相对飞机不同取向时的有效性。为了证明这种阵列在有两部窄带干扰机时使用简化直接矩阵求逆算法的调零能力，我们还进行了一些测量。测出的自适应阵列方向性图与理论上的预测十分吻合。文章还阐明了缩比模型测试的优点，以验证机载自适应阵列的调零性能。     

立陶宛不动产市场

一、引言 立陶宛自1990年独立以来,就开始进行根本性的经济改革。改革的目的是加强国家实力,使立陶宛的经济在世界市场上具有竞争力。 1990至1998年,立陶宛在稳定宏观经济方面取得了许多成绩。国内生产总值开始增长,通货膨胀不仅停止而且下降了,预算赤字正在被消灭,外贸收支和国家债务得到     

中国西南天山山前的晚新生代构造与地震活动

天山是研究现今陆内造山作用及过程、陆内变形、陆内强震及其预测等大陆动力学问题的理想实验场。西南天山和塔里木之间的新生代褶皱－逆断裂带基本上由一南冲弧形推覆构造系统和一向北反冲的构造系统组成，由北而南主要由以下4个运动学单元组成：（1）新生代复活的喀拉铁热克山－天山南脉古生代造山带，其快速变形和抬升可能起始于23－26Ma前，持续至13－16Ma前。（2）向南逆冲的西南天山前陆薄皮主冲断带，包括木兹杜克弧形薄皮推覆体和依柯冲断带，前者代表了向南薄皮逆掩的天山型岩系，地表主要表现为一系列的飞来峰群，在14Ma前曾有过大规模活动，最小缩短量约为20－35km，最小缩短速率为1．4－2．8mm/a；后者代表了向南叠瓦状薄皮逆冲推覆的前陆古生代基底（塔里木地台型沉积岩系）卷入构造，其西段在距今14Ma时曾有过强烈活动。两者共同组成了一复杂的双重构造；新生代地层也卷入变形。（3）喀什－阿图什弧形反冲褶皱－逆断裂带，由3排向北（天山）反冲的左阶雁列展布的第四纪地表滑脱褶皱组成，仅在大山口以西发育。该构造带形成于距今约1．4Ma以后。依什拉克喀拉乌尔断裂以南，博古孜河剖面的最小缩短速率约为5．8mm/a，翁库尔剖面的最小缩短速率约为8．6mm/a。（4）塔里木克拉通下盘块体，向北西方向缓倾，内部变形较小。里木块体西北存在明显的不均匀性，其学问基底高角度逆断裂和走滑断裂控制了盆地新生代沉积的厚度，导致西南天山前陆冲断带的地形地貌、地层、构造变形样式、变形时间以及变形缩短量沿走向的巨大差异性。迈丹－喀拉铁克断裂和阿图什断裂带均为岩石圈规模断裂，研究区的中强地震主要发生在这两条断裂带以及它们之间的西南天山前陆冲断带上。     

地倾斜及水文地球化学参数异常与地震活动最佳关系探索

1　ПостановказадачиНадежныйпрогнозвременивозникновенияземлетрясенияможетбытьобеспеченлишькомплексомпрогностическихпараметров. Прогностическаяценностькаждогопараметранеодинакова,какиразличенмеханизмформированияаномальныхэффектоввразличныхполях.Этосоздает…     

地震孕育在地倾斜和流体动力学观测系列中的表现

1　ВведениеВсвязистем,чтоРеспубликаУзбекистанрасположенанасейсмоактивнойтерриторииЗападногоТянь- Шанябольшуюважностьимеютвопросысейсмическогорайонированияипрогнозированияместа,силыивременисильныхземлетрясений. СэтойцельювИнститутесейсмологииАНТУзБылпрове…     

天山南缘北轮台断裂库尔楚段晚第四纪的最新活动和滑动速侣

使用全站仪实测了天山南麓北轮台逆断裂库尔楚段阿克艾肯-喀腊萨喀腊阿塔木冲洪积扇断层崖地形地貌,采用10Be测年方法测定了该冲洪积扇的形成年龄,得到该断裂段垂直位移滑动速率为0.48 mm/a、0.85～1.0 mm/a和1.52 mm/a,并对该断裂段的水平缩短速率和天山第四纪水平缩短量进行了讨论.     

EFFECTIVE DISCHARGE CALCULATION GUIDE

1 mTRonvcnox: moareS Aun CoxcmSAJluvial rivers have the pOtenhal to adjust their shaPe and dimensions to all flows that tranSPOrtsediment, but Inglis (l94l) suggested that, for rivers that are in regime, a single steady flow could beidenhfied which would Produce the same bankfll dimensions as the natural sequence of events. Hereferrd to this now as the dondnan discharge.Wolman and Mller (l960) idenhfied that the flow doing most bed material transPort over a period ofyears may be taken tO…