中生代燕山褶皱冲断带的构造演化—以河北省和辽宁省为重点的研究

从渤海湾和辽宁省开始 ,燕山山脉沿北纬 40°左右一直向西延伸到河北和内蒙古的边界。继续向西 ,以太古宙为基底的燕山山脉被上第三系所覆盖 ;因此 ,虽然内蒙古的阴山很可能就是燕山向西的延伸 ,但还缺乏有力的证据。中生代燕山褶皱冲断带以陆源沉积、岩浆作用和构造变形 (包括多期的褶皱作用 ,挤压、伸展及走滑断层作用 )为特征。对北京、冀北与辽西地区侵入岩及火山岩的野外工作及测年 (U Pb,40 Ar 39Ar方法 )研究揭示出该区中生代复杂的构造变形特征 ;而这种构造变形特征被归因于 :(1)中生代以前 (二叠纪到中生代早期 )复杂的早期变形序列 ,以及 (2 )中生代时期交替发生的主要构造形迹向南和向北的构造汇聚作用。燕山在中侏罗世之前 (早于 180 Ma)向南运动的低角度的逆冲断层发育在一条二叠纪三叠纪岩浆弧的南部 ,太古宙基底及元古宙和显生宙盖层均卷入其中。该次推覆作用可能是 (1)古生代时期蒙古弧与安第斯型的大陆弧沿华北板块的北部边缘发生碰撞的后果 ,或 (2 ) (北部陆块 )向南俯冲于华北太古宙“克拉通”之下时形成的 ,类似于美国科迪勒拉型的弧后、前陆褶皱冲断带。此次褶皱冲断发生之后 ,该推覆断层的上盘经历了广泛的剥蚀 ,随后中侏罗世火山沉积地层同时沉积在上、下盘之上。我们的研究表明     

An inverse procedure to estimate transmissivity from heads and SP signals

Experimental hydraulic heads and electrical (self-potential) signals associated with a pumping test were used in an inverse model to estimate the transmissivity distribution of a real aquifer. Several works reported in the literature show that there is a relatively good linear relationship between the hydraulic heads in the aquifer and electrical signals measured at the ground surface. In this experimental test field, first, the current coupling coefficient was determined by the best fit between experimental and modeled self-potential signals at the end of the pumping phase. Soon afterward, with the hydraulic heads obtained from the self-potential signals, the transmissivity distribution of the aquifer was conditioned by means an inverse model based on the successive linear estimator (SLE). To further substantiate the estimated T field from the SLE analysis, we analyzed the drawdown rate, the derivative of the drawdown with respect to the ln(t), because the drawdown rate is highly sensitive to the variability in the transmissivity field. In our opinion, these results show that self-potential signals allow the monitoring of subsurface flow in the course of pumping experiments, and that electrical potentials serve as a good complement to piezometric observations to condition and characterize the transmissivity distribution of an aquifer.     

美国国家大地测量局的检定基线方案

<正> 50年代早期出现的电子测距仪为测量事业带来了前所未有的速度和精度。然而,伴随此种新的测量方法而俱来的有仪器检定和规格化的过程,因为观测结果受到(变化的)气象状况和必需经常测定的种种仪器误差的影响。为此,对于测量界来说,应有测定仪器性能变化的一种方便和可靠的方法。检定基线则可为广大用户提供检定手段。检定基线(CBL)是精密测定的直线距     

Prevalence and distribution of fecal indicator organisms in South Florida beach sand and preliminary assessment of health effects associated with beach sand exposure

Fecal indicator levels in nearshore waters of South Florida are routinely monitored to assess microbial contamination at recreational beaches. However, samples of sand from the surf zone and upper beach are not monitored which is surprising since sand may accumulate and harbor fecal-derived organisms. This study examined the prevalence of fecal indicator organisms in tidally-affected beach sand and in upper beach sand and compared these counts to levels in the water. Since indicator organisms were statistically elevated in sand relative to water, the study also considered the potential health risks associated with beach use and exposure to sand. Fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, somatic coliphages, and F(+)-specific coliphages were enumerated from sand and water at three South Florida beaches (Ft. Lauderdale Beach, Hollywood Beach, and Hobie Beach) over a 2-year period. Bacteria were consistently more concentrated in 100g samples of beach sand (2-23 fold in wet sand and 30-460 fold in dry sand) compared to 100ml samples of water. Somatic coliphages were commonly recovered from both sand and water while F(+)-specific coliphages were less commonly detected. Seeding experiments revealed that a single specimen of gull feces significantly influenced enterococci levels in some 3.1m(2) of beach sand. Examination of beach sand on a micro-spatial scale demonstrated that the variation in enterococci density over short distances was considerable. Results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the physical and chemical parameters monitored in this study could only minimally account for the variation observed in indicator densities. A pilot epidemiological study was conducted to examine whether the length of exposure to beach water and sand could be correlated with health risk. Logistic regression analysis results provided preliminary evidence that time spent in the wet sand and time spent in the water were associated with a dose-dependent increase in gastrointestinal illness.     

C,Si在CO—CO2—SiO气体与Fe—Si—C合金间迁移平衡与Pco2—Psio…

通过评价和优化有关热力学数据，利用冶金物理化学原理建立了钢铁冶金中最为重的Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ－Ｃ三元体系与ＣＯ－ＣＯ２－ＳｉＯ混合气体间硅，碳迁移的热力学数学模型，计算了相关热力学数据并计算机绘制了该体系的Ｐｃｏ２－Ｐｓｉｏ和ｌｇＰｓｉｏ相平衡图。该模型的可靠性１８７３Ｋ高温条件下的一系列的平衡实验中得到了检验。     

Population structure of Haliotis rubra from South Australia inferred from nuclear and mtDNA analyses

1Introduction ThemajorityofAustralia’sabalonefisheryex ports(5.135kt,worth＄216millionin2002～2003,ABARE2004)consistofblacklipabalone(HaliotisrubraLeach,1814).AssuchH.rubrais consideredasanimportantmarineresourcewithin Australia.Likemanyabalonespecieswor…     

“地层古生物研究与科学传播研讨会”七月在山东召开

<正>2012年7月18-20日,由江苏、安徽、河南、湖北等四省古生物学会、山东省平邑天宇自然博物馆、临沂大学及江苏省地质学会地层古生物专业委员会联合主办的"地层古生物研究与科学传播研讨会"在山东临沂市隆重举行。来自中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所、中国地质调查局南京地质矿产研究所、中国石油化工股份有限     

东南沿海地区古近纪大陆岩石圈地幔特征及成因

东南沿海地区新生代玄武岩中的橄榄岩包体来自岩石圈地幔 ,上地幔橄榄岩包体的岩石学及地球化学特征都记录了地幔演化的历史。普宁橄榄岩包体斜方辉石含量与太古宙克拉通地幔类似 ,但在矿物学、REE、痕量元素和Sr Nd同位素上又与太古宙岩石圈地幔不同。橄榄岩包体的岩相学、矿物学、REE、痕量元素特征都提供了含H2 O富Si流体交代橄榄岩的证据 ,这种流体可能主要是洋壳物质局部熔融而成。流体交代使橄榄岩富Si,同时富Sr、Pb和强不相容元素等大洋岩石圈物质。这表明普宁大陆岩石圈地幔既保留太古宙岩石圈地幔的特征 ,又具有大洋俯冲地幔的特征 ,它是古老岩石圈地幔向大洋岩石圈地幔转换的一部分 ,这种转换可能是大洋岩石圈与大陆岩石圈地幔相互作用的结果。