Investigation of spatio-temporal patterns of seasonal streamflow droughts in a semi-arid region

Natural Hazards - Spatio-temporal patterns of seasonal streamflow droughts were investigated for the semi-arid Karkheh watershed, located in western Iran with an area of 41,470 km2,...     

岩芯尺度的宽频介电常数频谱实验室测量设备的误差分析及其在物质测量中的应用(英文)

宽频介电常数频谱测井技术最近被引进石油工业.这种新技术区别于传统介电常数测井技术在于多频率频谱的测定和利用.高频谱端包含介质油水饱和度信息,而低频谱端对介质中孔隙结构和水的分布形态很敏感.这种新技术可以有效地被应用于比如超淡水介质或者超黏度重油等对于常规测井来说是很困难的测量环境,而且受介质水中的含盐度影响很小.随着井下测井仪器的投入使用,相应的实验室岩芯测定设备和方法就变得重要起来.因为实验室环境相对较为稳定和可控,实验室岩芯测量结果是对井下测量的很好地验证和校订.文献中记载了许多非破坏性的实验室介电常数的测量设备,然而这些设备的共同局限性是它们对岩芯尺寸和岩芯样本的要求和限制,一般要求粉末状岩芯或者一厘米左右的小柱状岩芯.在碳酸盐介质中,非均匀性和各项异性非常普遍,小的岩芯样本能否涵盖井下设备测量尺度(1.5英寸)的特性很值得商榷.本文中介绍了一种最新设计的实验室大直径宽频介电常数测量设备.这个设备可以直接测量石油工业传统的1.5英寸岩芯样本,测量是非毁坏性的,也就是测量后的岩芯样本可以直接用于其它实验室测量设备,比如电阻率测量或核磁共振测量等.大量重复性试验测得的介电常数色散频谱的精确度对于低损耗介质在2%以内而对于高损耗介质在对孔隙度和含盐度校正以后精确度在3%.文中详细介绍了测量设备所使用的反演程序的算法模型,以及反演误差的算法.反演最后的误差可以用来做数据质量的评定.该测量装置被用于许多物质的测定.测定物质的数据库中合成石英(fused quartz),Teflon,合成陶瓷以及单晶硅的介电常数值可以在文献中找到.该设备的测量结果与文献参考值相符合,说明了该设备测量结果的可靠性.该设备还测量了矿物晶体碳酸钙,晶体白云石以及晶体硬石膏的介电常数,这是常见的碳酸盐介质的主要成分.这些测量给出了碳酸盐介质的边界成分区域值作为参考.该设备测量的两个单晶硅柱状样本的介电常数频谱特性发现退火会改变晶体的结构提高强度,同时会改变介质介电常数的特性.同时矿物晶体碳酸钙测量值高于粉末状测量结果也说明晶体结构可能会导致介电常数测量的不同.该设备具有1.5英寸的大尺度,因此具有和井下设备相仿的测量范围,因而不受介质水平各项异性的影响.但另一方面,该设备仍可以研究垂直各项异性.垂直各项异性的主要原因可能是化学成分不同,孔隙结构不对称或者温度对水分布的影响等等.在对岩石地面露头采样的研究中,宽频介电常数频谱实验室设备检测出了岩芯垂直各项异性,通过对比核磁共振一维孔隙度剖面结构发现总孔隙度不均衡以及分布不对称为该各项异性的主要来源,并且被CT图像所证实.     

Earthquake induced pounding between adjacent buildings considering soil-structure interaction

Many closely located adjacent buildings have suffered from pounding during past earthquakes because they vibrated out of phase.Furthermore,buildings are usually constructed on soil;hence,there are interactions between the buildings and the underlying soil that should also be considered.This paper examines both the interaction between adjacent buildings due to pounding and the interaction between the buildings through the soil as they affect the buildings’ seismic responses.The developed model consists of adjacent shear buildings resting on a discrete soil model and a linear viscoelastic contact force model that connects the buildings during pounding.The seismic responses of adjacent buildings due to ground accelerations are obtained for two conditions:fixed-based(FB) and structure-soil-structure interaction(SSSI).The results indicate that pounding worsens the buildings’ condition because their seismic responses are amplified after pounding.Moreover,the underlying soil negatively impacts the buildings’ seismic responses during pounding because the ratio of their seismic response under SSSI conditions with pounding to those without pounding is greater than that of the FB condition.     

Voigt regularization for the explicit time stepping of the Hall effect term

This article studies the stabilization of the explicit time stepping methods for Hall Maxwell and incompressible Hall MHD equations. Since the Hall effect term contains two spatial derivatives, classical time-stepping schemes result in very restrictive CFL condition. We consider weakening the restrictive time step condition via Voigt regularization. We establish the energy stability result and validate our approach numerically. Numerical experiments demonstrate that we are able to take larger time steps, compared to classical schemes, at additional, negligible computational cost.     

Spatial analysis of daily rainfall intensity and concentration index in Peninsular Malaysia

This study presents the spatial analysis of daily rainfall intensity and concentration index over Peninsular Malaysia. Daily rainfall data from 50 rainfall stations are used in this study. Due to the limited number of stations, the geostatistical method of ordinary kriging is used to compute the values of daily rainfall concentration and intensity and to map their spatial distribution. The resultant analysis of rainfall concentration indicated that the distribution of daily rainfall is more regular over the west, northwest and southwest regions compared to the east. Large areas of the eastern Peninsula display an irregularity in distribution of daily rainfall. In terms of number of rainy days, analysis of daily rainfall confirms that a large number of rainy days across the Peninsula arise from low-intensity events but only contribute a small percentage of total rain. On the other hand, a low frequency of rainy days with high-intensity events contributes the largest percentage of total rain. The results indicated that the total rain in eastern areas is mainly contributed by the high-intensity events. This finding explains the occurrence of a large number of floods and soil erosions in these areas. Therefore, precautionary measures should be taken earlier to prevent any massive destruction of property and loss of life due to the hazards. These research findings are of considerable importance in providing enough information to water resource management, climatologists and agriculturists as well as hydrologists for planning their activities and modelling processes.     

Geochemistry and mineral chemistry of pyroxenite xenoliths and host volcanic alkaline rocks from north west of Marand (NW Iran)

Mineralogy and Petrology - The Plio-Quaternary alkaline volcanic rocks from the northwest of Marand (NW Iran) consist of trachy-andesites, trachy-basaltic andesites, leucite-tephrites and...     

Structural pattern and emplacement mechanism of the Neka Valley nappe complex,eastern Alborz,Iran

International Journal of Earth Sciences - The Neka Valley nappe complex is exposed in the south of Gorgan County in the eastern Alborz fold-and-thrust belt. We use the results of a regional survey...