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201.
K. Nishiizumi J.R. Arnold D. Elmore R.D. Ferraro H.E. Gove R.C. Finkel R.P. Beukens K.H. Chang L.R. Kilius 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1979,45(2):285-292
Cosmic-ray produced 36Cl(t1/2 = 3.0 × 105 years) has been measured in four Antarctic meteorites and one sample of Antarctic ice using a tandem Van de Graaff accelerator as an ultrasensitive mass spectrometer with the extremely low background level of 36Cl/Cl< 2 × 10?16. Results from this ion counting technique (applied here to extraterrestrial materals for the first time) are used to support a two-stage irradiation model for the Yamato-7301 and Allan Hills-76008 meteorites and to show a long terrestrial age (0.7 ± 0.1 m.y.) for Allan Hills-77002. Yamato-7304 has a terrestrial age of less than 0.1 m.y. The 36Cl content of the Antarctic ice sample from the Yamato Mountain area implies that the age of the ice cap at this site is less than one 36Cl half-life. 相似文献
202.
203.
Richard P. Mied Arnold L. Cooper Gloria J. Lindemann Mark A. Sletten 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2002,36(1-3)
This work deals with the propagation and evolution of disturbances which move along freely propagating two-dimensional gravity current fronts. Examples of evolving perturbations on fronts are displayed in real-aperture radar images of gravity currents in the coastal zone. The theory of Cooper et al. (2001), which is based upon the ray tube formulation of Whitham (1974), is employed to simulate disturbances of the sort seen in this imagery and in the larger body of literature. Initial anomalies in both shape and velocity are introduced and allowed to evolve, and several types of new and interesting behaviors emerge. Shape perturbations of the form x=a sech δy evolve into two anomalies, which separate in time as they propagate in opposite directions along the front. When the value of a is increased, the disturbances, which propagate along the gravity current, can break, forming breaking frontal waves (BFWs). These manifest themselves as sharp angular features to either side of the main bulge. Two types of velocity disturbances are employed. The first has the form U=U0(1+â sech δy), and evolves to preserve a single frontal bulge that increases in amplitude and width as it propagates. Here again, large values of â result in BFWs. In this case, they replicate the general behavior present in the imagery. The second type of velocity perturbation used is U=U0(1+â cos δy). The smallest values of a generate no BFWs, but yield fronts which oscillate in space and time. Larger values produce a string of BFWs which are qualitatively similar to the cusp-and-trough morphology observed so frequently in nature. The largest values of a allow the gravity current to form a string of large, bulbous structures which intersect one another as they propagate forward and spread laterally. And finally, we make an effort to correlate the results of the simulations with the shapes seen in radar and visible imagery in the literature. 相似文献
204.
The annual UK Solar Physics meeting this year joined a MIST meeting for the first time. The two drew together the considerable UK solar and solar–terrestrial physics community for discussion and debate at the University of Sheffield from 9–12 April 2002. Neil Arnold and Graham Bailey (MIST) and Robert Erdélyi (UKSP) report on this innovative joint meeting. 相似文献
205.
Sonja Weinbrecht Siegfried Raasch Astrid Ziemann Klaus Arnold Armin Raabe 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2004,111(3):441-465
An attempt is made to compare results oflarge-eddy simulation (LES) in a convective boundarylayer using the model PALM with experimental data obtained from acoustic travel time tomography.This method provides two-dimensional data arrays, which are considered as more suitable forLES-validation than classical local orline-integrated measurements, because the tomographic data are area- or volume-averaged.For a quantitative comparison with experimental data in general, some prerequisites have to be considered: First of all, the initial and boundary conditions of the LES model have to be provided correctly by the experiment. Considering measurement errors, a sensitivity study was performed to investigate the influence of inaccurate initial and boundary conditions on the simulation results.This showed that for determining some boundary conditions, such as the surface temperature and the roughness length, high measurement accuracies are necessary, which are difficult to reach or which at least require considerable extra measurement efforts.The initial and boundary conditions provided by the Lindenberg experiment in 1999 turned out to be of insufficient accuracy to allow quantitative comparisons.However, a qualitative comparison was performed instead to investigate if the acoustic tomography method is a proper method for comparisons with LES models in general.It showed a good qualitative agreement with some quantitative differences. These differences can partly be explained by the sensitivity of the LES to initial and boundary conditions and by the limitations of the acoustic tomography. 相似文献
206.
David M. Quanrud Konrad Quast Otakuye Conroy Martin M. Karpiscak Charles P. Gerba Kevin E. Lansey Wendell P. Ela Robert G. Arnold 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2004,24(2):86-93
The fate of estrogenic activity in waste water effluent was examined during surface transport and incidental recharge along the Santa Cruz River in Pima County, Arizona. Based on measurement of boron isotopes, the fractional contribution of reclaimed water in surface waters and ground water wells proximate to the river was determined for a contemporary sample set. Estrogenic activity decreased by −60% over the 25 mi length of the river below effluent discharge points in Tucson. In ground water samples obtained from monitoring wells that are proximate to the Santa Cruz River, both dissolved organic carbon ( p = 0.0003) and estrogenic activity ( p = 3 × 10−6 ) were highly correlated to fractional waste water content. Results indicate that proximate ground water quality is sensitive to incidental recharge of reclaimed water in the Santa Cruz River bed. In a few locations, little attenuation of estrogenic activity was apparent during percolation of effluent in the river channel to well withdrawal points. 相似文献
207.
208.
Role of in situ cosmogenic nuclides 10be and 26al in the study of diverse geomorphic processes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K. Nishiizumi C. P. Kohl J. R. Arnold R. Dorn I. Klein D. Fink R. Middleton D. Lal 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1993,18(5):407-425
The central premises of applications of the in situ cosmogenic dating method for studying specific problems in geomorphology are outlined for simple and complex exposure settings. In the light of these general models, we discuss the information that can be derived about geomorphic processes, utilizing concentrations of in situ produced cosmogenic radionuclides 10Be (half-life=1·5 ma) and 26A1 (half-life=0·7 ma) in a variety of geomorphic contexts: glacial polish and tills; meteorite impact craters; alluvial fans; paleo-beach ridges; marine terraces; sand dunes; and bedrock slopes. We also compare 10Be-26Al data with results obtained by other dating methods. We conclude that the technique of measuring in situ cosmic ray produced nuclides holds promise for quantitative studies of processes and time-scales in a wide range of geomorphological problems. 相似文献
209.
210.
Edouard Bard Richard Fairbanks Maurice Arnold Pierre Maurice Josette Duprat Jean Moyes Jean-Claude Duplessy 《Quaternary Research》1989,31(3)
Coupled measurements of δ18O and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C in a particular species of planktonic foraminifera may be used to calculate sea-level estimates for the last deglaciation. Of critical importance for this type of study is a knowledge of the seasonality of foraminiferal growth, which can be provided by δ18O measurements of modern shells (core tops, plankton tows). Isotopic (δ18O, AMS-14C dating) and faunal records (transfer function sea surface temperature) were obtained from two cores in the North Atlantic at about 37°N. The locations were chosen to obtain high sedimentation rate records removed from the major ice-melt discharge areas of the last deglaciation. Based upon Globigerina bulloides data, four δ18O-based sea-level estimates were calculated: −67 ± 7 m at 12,200 yr B.P. and −24 ± 8 m at about 8200 yr B.P. for core SU 81-18; −83 ± 10 m at 12,200 yr B.P. and −13 ± 11 m at about 8500 yr B.P. for core SU 81-14. Using a second working hypothesis concerning the seasonability of G. bulloides growth, it is suggested that the sea-level rose by about 40 m during the millennium which followed 14,500 yr B.P. 相似文献