老挝华潘省香科菱镁矿地质特征与成因分析

经野外调研和室内研究,对老挝华潘省香科菱镁矿的矿区地质、矿体、围岩与夹石、矿石特征和矿床成因取得了一些新的认识。该矿区出露地层为下古生界（Pz₁）、中-上石炭统（C_2-3）和第四系河流二级阶地沉积（Qp_Ⅱ^al）,主要构造为1条北西向逆断层和4条北东向平移断层。矿体产于逆断层南西侧的强烈构造变形带中,呈脉状产出,厚度为数mm至10余cm,共圈出10个矿体。矿体的围岩与夹石的岩石类型相同,为浅变质陆源碎屑岩,具高硅（w（SiO₂）为81.190%）、低镁（w（MgO）为0.781%）、富铁（w（Fe₂O₃）为11.716%、w（FeO）为1.719%）特征。矿石矿物为菱镁矿,脉石矿物主要为石英、金云母、白云石、绢云母和褐铁矿。香科菱镁矿的形成过程是：在中-晚三叠世的古特提斯洋封闭过程中,镁质从超镁铁岩中析出形成含矿热液,含矿热液迁移与富集后在强烈构造变形带中形成网脉状菱镁矿。香科菱镁矿的成因类型属产于浅变质碎屑岩中之老挝香科式晶质菱镁矿热液型矿床,成矿时代属中-晚三叠世。     

2017年精河6.6级、库车5.7级地震前“库米什地震窗”异常特征分析

2017年8月9日新疆精河6.6级、9月16日库车5.7级地震前“库米什地震窗”均出现异常。为了对该异常指标作出评价,对新疆库米什地震台2008年1月～2017年9月微震观测记录进行普查,分析在S-P≤10s范围内M_L≥1.0小震的月频次,定义小震月频次≥54次为“库米什地震窗”的异常标准,统计“库米什地震窗”异常与附近中强地震间的对应关系,并对其进行预测效能评价。结果显示：①“库米什地震窗”分别在精河6.6级、库车5.7级地震前3.3个月、0.5个月出现异常;②“库米什地震窗”2008年以来出现7组异常,分别对应了天山中部地区6次5.5级以上地震,优势发震时间为6个月;③“库米什地震窗”的异常形态表现为高值—低值—发震或高值—发震,异常的对应率为6/7,R值评分为0.45,预测效能评价较好。     

Accretionary processes and metallogenesis of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Advances and perspectives

As one of the largest Phanerozoic orogens in the world,the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is a natural laboratory for studies of continental dynamics and metallogenesis.This paper summarizes the research progresses of the accretionary processes and metallogenesis of the CAOB since the Peopled Republic of China was founded,and puts forward the prospect for future research.During the early period (1950s-1970s),several geological theories were applied to explain the geological evolution of Central Asia.In the early period of China's reform and opening-up,the plate tectonics theory was applied to explain the evolution of the northern Xinjiang and Xingmeng regions,and the opinion of subduction-collision between Siberian Kazakhstan and China-North Korea-Tarim plates was proposed.The idea of the Solonker-Yanbian suture zone was established.In the 1990s,the study of the CAOB entered a period of rapid development.One school of scholars including geologists from the former Soviet Union proposed a multi-block collision model for the assemblage of the CAOB.In contrast,another school of scholars,led by a Turkish geologist,Celal Sengor,proposed that the Altaids was formed through the growth and strike-slip duplicates of a single island arc,and pointed out that the Altaids is a special type of collisional orogen.During this period,Chinese geologists carried out a lot of pioneering researches on ophiolites and high-pressure metamorphic rocks in northern China,and confirmed the main suture zones accordingly.In 1999,the concept of"Central Asian metallogenic domain"was proposed,and it became one of the three major metallogenic domains in the world.Since the 21st century,given the importance for understanding continental accretion and metallogenic mechanism,the CAOB has become the international academic forefront.China has laid out a series of scientific research projects in Central Asia.A large number of important scientific research achievements have been spawned,including the tectonic attribution of micro-continents,timing and tectonic settings of ophiolites,magmatic arcs,identification and anatomy of accretionary wedges,regional metamorphism-deformation,(ultra)high-pressure metamorphism,ridge subduction plume-plate interaction archipelagic paleogeography and spatio-temporal framework of multiple accretionary orogeny,continental growth accretionary metallogenesis,structural superposition and transformation etc.These achievements have made important international influences.There still exist the following aspects that need further study:(1) Early evolution history and subduction initiation of the Paleo-Asian Ocean;(2) The accretionary mechanism of the extroversion Paleo-Asian Ocean;(3) The properties of the mantle of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and their spatiotemporal distribution;(4) The interaction between the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the Tethys Ocean;(5) Phanerozoic continental growth mechanism and its global comparison;(6) Accretionary metallogenic mechanism of the Central Asian metallogenic domain;and (7) Continental transformation mechanism.     

地裂缝环境下SRTP埋地管道性状

以陕西西安市政工程中SRTP埋地管道30°斜交穿越地裂缝带为工程背景,基于足尺模型试验和数值模拟计算,研究了地裂缝沉降作用下埋地管道的变形与受力特点。结果表明:地裂缝沉降作用下,SRTP埋地管道沉降位移明显小于或滞后于地层变形,其沉降变形特征具有明显的"衰减效应";地裂缝作用下,SRTP埋地管道受力变形模式为拉张-挤压弯曲变形模式,位于地裂缝上盘的管道顶部受压应力、底部受拉应力,而位于下盘的管道顶部受拉应力、底部受压应力,具有反对称现象,SRTP埋地管道适应地裂缝大变形的能力较强;地裂缝沉降作用对SRTP埋地管道的纵向影响长度为3.0m,即上盘1.8m和下盘1.2m,在此范围内管道需要采取适当保护措施;地裂缝沉降作用下,管道沿纵向可划分为3段,即上盘沉降段、脱空段和下盘翘曲段,其中,脱空段范围约为1.2m。     

Failure Characteristics of Surface Vertical Wells for Methane Extraction During Mining: A Case Study

The failures of surface vertical wells (SVWs) for methane extraction during mining are known to be the main causes of the shortening of the highly efficient drainage periods of the SVWs. Therefore, in order to improve the stability of the SVWs, it is of great significance to accurately investigate the failure characteristics when SVWs are severely destroyed and can no longer extract methane. In this research, a physical simulation experiment was carried out for the purpose of investigating the most possible failure periods, as well as the highest possible failure locations and failure modes of SVWs. This study’s results showed that the displacements of the SVW were constantly changing under the influences of mining stress. After the mine working faces had past the SVWs by more than 157 m, the total displacements reached the maximum, and the SVWs were in the most possible failure periods. During those periods, failure positions of the SVWs are prone to occur at the interfaces between the hard and soft strata; within the thick rock layers; and within the thick-thin-thick strata combination. Among these, the SVWs may suffer from shear slippage at the interface of the hard-soft combined rock layers with relatively large thickness differences; the SVWs may suffer from horizontal shear at the interfaces of the hard-soft combined rock layers with small thickness differences; the SVWs within the thick rock layers may become destroyed by shear slippage actions; and the SVWs in the thick-thin-thick combined rock layers may become distorted by shearing at the interface between the rock layers or blocking within the intermediate thin rock. The results of this research study were verified through the field tests which were conducted in China’s Sihe Coal Mine.

     

长江口水沙变化与趋势预测

随着长江流域水土保持、上游水库拦蓄调节、沿江用水增加及气候变化,进入长江口的水沙通量发生改变,入海泥沙量锐减。此外,长江口相继实施了深水航道治理、青草沙水源地、浅滩圈围等大型工程。因此,需要针对长江口水沙变化开展相关研究。对长江口陆相和海相水沙变化规律及趋势、河床容积与泥沙收支变化以及整治工程下分汊河口演变预测等进行了概述,预测了今后10～50年大通站流量、含沙量、输沙量变化以及南北槽的演变趋势,为进一步研究变化条件下的长江口重大工程安全提供基础条件。     

“潜龙二号”自主水下机器人热液探测系统

“潜龙二号”水下自主航行器（QianlongⅡ AUV）为深海资源尤其是海底多金属硫化物调查而设计,其已在西南印度洋脊热液区进行成功的调查运用。本文系统地概述了“潜龙二号”的热液系统探测功能实现、数据管理、快速成图等工作;阐述了如何利用AUV转圈数据有效的校正载体对磁测干扰的。基于“潜龙二号”获取的热液异常,发展了热液喷口快速定位方法。以具体一潜次为例,系统地展示了热液探测数据的处理分析与热液异常定位工作,证实了该方法的有效性。     

海洋声速起伏对声传播及定位精度影响分析

海洋中声速起伏导致水声信道发生变化,进而引起声线到达结构的变化,对水声传播及定位精度产生一定影响。为讨论这一效应,基于TDOA体制建立了考虑声线弯曲的水下目标无源定位模型,分析了声速起伏对水下声传播路径及传播时间的影响,进而研究了声速起伏对水下无源定位测量精度影响程度。结果表明:当水平传播距离较大时,声速剖面起伏对声传播路径及传播时间的影响更为显著;以典型四元阵为例,若基线长度为20 km,接收阵位于水下5 km处,在不考虑其它随机误差影响下,海洋声速起伏造成的声源定位误差量级在0.5 m以内。分析结果有助于更好地利用环境特征优化无源定位测量方案,可为高精度水下无源定位系统设计及精度评估提供依据。     

Relationship of Halo CMEs and Solar Proton Events

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are important sources of Solar Proton Events (SPEs). Their speeds and source region locations have significant effects on the occurrence of SPEs. In this paper, all the halo CMEs observed in recent five years are statistically analyzed. The results show that the fast halo CMEs with small angular distances are more likely to produce SPEs, especially, those halo CMEs with a speed greater than 1200 km s^?1 and an angular distance less than 60°. Three fast halo CMEs with no SPEs caused are elaborately studied. The results show that the ejection direction of the CME's main body and the variation of interplanetary magnetic field also have important impacts on the occurrence of SPEs. Consequently, in the practical daily space environment forecasts, an accurate forecast for SPEs must take various factors into account, such as the eruption speed, source region location, the main-body ejection direction of CMEs, and the interplanetary environment, etc.     

CINRAD雷达产品“缺角”现象分析及处理

基于CINRAD/SA雷达图像产品出现"缺角"的现象,分析信号流程并通过BDAVC5软件观察天线运动轨迹,发现激磁电压过低导致旋转变压器有时辨识不出来正弦波信号,引起方位跳码,使得天线在未完成本仰角扫描的情况下就提前跳转到下一仰角进行扫描,从而造成了仰角剩余方位角度上的数据缺测。详细阐述了激磁电压过低而导致数据缺测的原因,指出此类故障多数发生在伺服系统,提出利用BDAVC5软件分析天线运行轨迹在伺服故障定位方面能起到很好的辅助作用。