全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1160篇 |
免费 | 54篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 45篇 |
大气科学 | 65篇 |
地球物理 | 327篇 |
地质学 | 449篇 |
海洋学 | 114篇 |
天文学 | 148篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
自然地理 | 70篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 19篇 |
2020年 | 22篇 |
2019年 | 26篇 |
2018年 | 48篇 |
2017年 | 50篇 |
2016年 | 63篇 |
2015年 | 37篇 |
2014年 | 66篇 |
2013年 | 77篇 |
2012年 | 52篇 |
2011年 | 77篇 |
2010年 | 59篇 |
2009年 | 91篇 |
2008年 | 57篇 |
2007年 | 46篇 |
2006年 | 39篇 |
2005年 | 50篇 |
2004年 | 32篇 |
2003年 | 35篇 |
2002年 | 32篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
1956年 | 4篇 |
1955年 | 3篇 |
1953年 | 3篇 |
1950年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1224条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
941.
942.
Testing the sensitivity of geomorphic indices in areas of low-rate active folding (eastern Betic Cordillera, Spain) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Antonio Pedrera Jos Vicente Prez-Pea Jesús Galindo-Zaldívar Jos Miguel Azan Antonio Azor 《Geomorphology》2009,105(3-4):218-231
Active deformation structures have an incidence in topography that can be quantified by using geomorphic indices. Most of these indices have been checked in faulted regions with high-deformation rates. The application of several geomorphic indices (hypsometric curve analysis, normalized stream-length gradient, and valley width-to-valley height ratio) to the drainage network of the southern limb of the Sierra de Las Estancias antiform (Internal Zones, eastern Betic Cordillera), where low-rate active folding has been recognized, allows us to investigate the suitability of these indices to identify active structures in such a scenario. Hypsometric curves clearly identify regions with recent uplift and young topography, but they do not provide any constraint on the location of active folds. Local valley width-to-valley height index variations have been detected just coinciding whit the position of ENE–WSW active folds. Normalized stream-length gradient index serves to locate active folds in areas of hard rock substratum, but not in those areas with soft sediments (Neogene-Quaternary sedimentary basins). This is most likely due to the fact that in the basins erosion is much more intense than in the hard rock sectors. In view of these results, we consider that geomorphic indices constitute a valuable tool for identifying sectors affected by low-rate uplift related to active folding, with the best results obtained in hard rock areas. 相似文献
943.
Jorge M. Gaspar-Escribano Manuel Navarro Belén Benito Antonio García-Jerez Francisco Vidal 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2010,8(6):1547-1567
An approach that relates results from a regional seismic hazard assessment study with local-scale site-effect characterizations
in an area of low-to-moderate seismic activity such as Andalusia (southern Spain), is presented. Results of a previous probabilistic
seismic hazard analysis of Andalusia on rock conditions are disaggregated to infer hazard controlling earthquakes for different
target motions. A collection of controlling magnitude-distance pairs and the corresponding site-specific response spectra
at main capital cities of the region are obtained. These spectra are first-order approximations to expected seismic actions
required in local earthquake risk assessments. In addition, results of independent, local-scale studies developed in Almeria
City (SE Andalusia) are used to derive an updated seismic zonation of the city. These include predominant soil period estimates
and shear-wave velocity profiles at different locations. If a local seismic risk assessment study or an earthquake-resistant
structural design is to be developed, it may be recommended the use of different seismic actions on sites characterized by
distinct response to seismic shaking (as derived from the seismic zonation). The seismic action related to worst-case scenarios
may be modeled through a hazard-consistent response spectrum, obtained by hazard disaggregation at the spectral acceleration
with period matching the prevailing resonant period of the target site or structure. 相似文献
944.
John Rapaglia Eloisa Di Sipio Henry Bokuniewicz Gian Maria Zuppi Luca Zaggia Antonio Galgaro Aaron Beck 《Continental Shelf Research》2010
The flow of groundwater beneath barrier islands has been cited as a possible pathway for salt water and chemical exchange between a protected embayment and the open sea. Evidence is presented that identifies an exchange of groundwater through a highly permeable paleoinlet along the barrier beach of Cavallino, which separates the northern Venice Lagoon from the Adriatic Sea. We utilized both point measurements of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and a geophysical investigation of the subsurface resistivity to analyze the movement of saline groundwater. Discharge of groundwater and associated nutrients, was higher at the site of a former inlet than at a similar site along the barrier and modulated by the difference in tidal water level between the lagoon and Adriatic Sea. If the measured conditions are typical, storm surge barriers could potentially result in a saline groundwater flow of up to 1.5×106 m3 d−1 into the lagoon. 相似文献
945.
Qualitative spatial variables are important in many fields of research. However, unlike the decades-worth of research devoted
to the spatial association of quantitative variables, the exploratory analysis of spatial qualitative variables is relatively
less developed. The objective of the present paper is to propose a new test (Q) for spatial independence. This is a simple, consistent, and powerful statistic for qualitative spatial independence that
we develop using concepts from symbolic dynamics and symbolic entropy. The Q test can be used to detect, given a spatial distribution of events, patterns of spatial association of qualitative variables
in a wide variety of settings. In order to enable hypothesis testing, we give a standard asymptotic distribution of an affine
transformation of the symbolic entropy under the null hypothesis of independence in the spatial qualitative process. We include
numerical experiments to demonstrate the finite sample behaviour of the test, and show its application by means of an empirical
example that explores the spatial association of fast food establishments in the Greater Toronto Area in Canada. 相似文献
946.
Corinne Dorais Antonio Simonetti Loretta Corcoran Tyler L. Spano Peter C. Burns 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(1):125-132
There is currently a lack of well‐characterised matrix‐matched reference materials (RMs) for forensic analysis of U‐rich materials at high spatial resolution. This study reports a detailed characterisation of uraninite (nominally UO2+x) from the Happy Jack Mine (UT, USA). The Happy Jack uraninite can be used as a RM for the determination of rare earth element (REE) mass fractions in nuclear materials, which provide critical information for source attribution purposes. This investigation includes powder X‐ray diffraction (pXRD) data, as well as major, minor and trace element abundances determined using a variety of micro‐analytical techniques. The chemical signature of the uraninite was investigated at the macro (cm)‐scale with micro‐X‐ray fluorescence (µXRF) mapping and at high spatial resolution (tens of micrometre scale) using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) analyses. Based on EPMA results, the uraninite is characterised by homogeneous UO2 and CaO contents of 91.57 ± 1.49% m/m (2s uncertainty) and 2.70 ± 0.38% m/m (2s), respectively. Therefore, CaO abundances were used as the internal standard when conducting LA‐ICP‐MS analyses. Overall, the major element and REE compositions are homogeneous at both the centimetre and micrometre scales, allowing this material to be used as a RM for high spatial resolution analysis of U‐rich samples. 相似文献
947.
Marengo Jose A. Cunha Ana Paula M. A. Nobre Carlos A. Ribeiro Neto Germano G. Magalhaes Antonio R. Torres Roger R. Sampaio Gilvan Alexandre Felipe Alves Lincoln M. Cuartas Luz A. Deusdará Karinne R. L. Álvala Regina C. S. 《Natural Hazards》2020,103(2):2589-2611
Natural Hazards - Historically, during periods of extreme drought, food security in the drylands of the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil (NEB) is under severe risk due to agricultural collapse.... 相似文献
948.
A genetic and evolutionary model is established for saline depressions in continental areas. These depressions are located in arid or subarid areas, and are developed on low permeability geological mediums (K<10 mm/day) with a lack of streams reaching the small lakes. The phenomenon of evaporation is fundamental, since it is the basic requirement for the presence or absence of a free water surface in the lake, and also for depression of the phreatic surface, which causes inflow of groundwater towards the lake. With these conditions, the proposed model includes the following stages: (i) initiation of the close depression; (ii) deepening of the depression; (iii) formation of the lake basin and the end of the deepening; and (iv) levelling and lateral extension of the lake basin. The combined effects of groundwater flows and aeolian action offer a coherent explanation for the origin and evolution both of the closed depressions found in the Ebro Valley, and of the salt lakes that subsequently form. The processes described form morphologies of oval shape with the main axis parallel to the direction of the wind, flat floors and evaporitic sedimentation, although they act on geological materials with different lithologies. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
949.
950.
Catastrophic hurricane history revealed by organic geochemical proxies in coastal lake sediments: a case study of Lake Shelby,Alabama (USA) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We developed a new method for reconstructing millennia-long hurricane records from coastal environments that uses Organic
Geochemical Proxies (OGPs) of organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations and their δ13C and δ15N compositions. The new method is independent of presence/absence of sand layers and improves significantly the severe-storm
history resolution. The subject of this investigation is a 1.5 m long sediment core raised at 2.8 m water depth from the center
of Lake Shelby, Alabama, a freshwater lake located approximately 250 m from the Gulf of Mexico, from which an overwash sand-layer
based record was previously derived. The core contains two distinct sediment units; an upper 62 cm thick, fine-grained, organic-rich
lacustrine sapropel (gyttja) that shows no visible structures except one sand lamina at 23.7 cm depth, and an underlying 90 cm
thick, organic-poor lagoon/estuary clay unit. The sapropel unit was deposited over a 682 ± 30 cal year time interval (1320–2002 A.D.)
with a mean sedimentation rate of 0.79 ± 0.04 mm/year. Lake Shelby’s water column exhibits two contrasting states based on
water chemistry surveys (i) an “isolated”, stratified, mode under calm weather conditions with a relatively low trophic state,
and (ii) a “flooded” mode occurring during storm surges when nutrient-rich seawater floods the lake. Statistically significant
δ13C and δ15N positive excursions in organic matter, up to maximum values of −25 (‰ PDB) and 4 (‰ Air N2), respectively, are interpreted as geochemical responses to the marine intrusions that fertilize the lake, increase light
availability, and cause eutrophication spikes. Detailed OGPs analyses crossing a sand layer that offers visual evidence of
a catastrophic hurricane overwash event at 1717 A.D. exhibit large δ13C and δ15N positive shifts bounded by rapid returns to base values, thus confirming the validity of the hurricane identification by
the OGPs model. Our data indicate that 11 catastrophic hurricanes hit the Alabama coast over the past 682 years with a rough
recurrence interval of one in 62 years. 相似文献