BeiDou B2/Galileo E5b短基线紧组合相对定位模型及性能评估

随着GPS和GLONASS系统的现代化以及Galileo和BeiDou卫星导航系统的建设,GNSS正朝多频多系统的方向发展。本文对BeiDou B2/Galileo E5b短基线紧组合相对定位的模型与算法进行了研究,详细推导了BeiDou B2/Galileo E5b短基线紧组合相对定位的模型与算法,并对其定位性能进行了分析。重点分析了BeiDou B2与Galileo E5b频点的接收机间差分系统间偏差的长期稳定性,结果表明:基线两端的接收机类型(包括固件版本)相同时,差分系统间偏差接近于0;基线两端的接收机类型不同时,差分系统间偏差较大,但具有长期稳定性,因此能够事先标定并作为改正数用于后续的定位中。最后基于BeiDou B2/Galileo E5b单频单历元相对定位试验对系统间紧组合模型的定位效果进行了比较验证。结果表明,相对于传统的松组合模型,使用改正系统间偏差的紧组合模型能够显著提高模糊度固定的成功率,尤其是在遮挡比较严重、单系统可观测到的卫星数较少的情况下,模糊度固定成功率可以提高10%~25%。     

Experimental investigation of the face stability of shallow tunnels in sand

Various models have been proposed for the prediction of the necessary support pressure at the face of a shallow tunnel. To assess their quality, the collapse of a tunnel face was modelled with small-scale model tests at single gravity. The development of the failure mechanism and the support force at the face in dry sand were investigated. The observed displacement patterns show a negligible influence of overburden on the extent and evolution of the failure zone. The latter is significantly influenced, though, by the initial density of the sand: in dense sand a chimney-wedge-type collapse mechanism developed, which propagated towards the soil surface. Initially, loose sand did not show any discrete collapse mechanism. The necessary support force was neither influenced by the overburden nor the initial density. A comparison with quantitative predictions by several theoretical models showed that the measured necessary support pressure is overestimated by most of the models. Those by Vermeer/Ruse and Léca/Dormieux showed the best agreement to the measurements.     

Mineralogy,chemistry, and oxygen isotopes of refractory inclusions from stratospheric interplanetary dust particles and micrometeorites

Abstract— Calcium, aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are characteristic components in carbonaceous chondrites. Their mineralogy is dominated by refractory oxides and silicates like corundum, perovskite, spinel, hibonite, melilite, and Ca-pyroxene, which are predicted to be the first phases to have condensed from the cooling solar nebula. Allowing insights into processes occurring in the early solar system, CAIs in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites were studied in great detail, whereas only a few refractory inclusions were found and studied in stratospheric interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and micrometeorites. This study gives a summary of all previous studies on refractory inclusions in stratospheric IDPs and micrometeorites and will present new data on two Antarctic micrometeorites. The main results are summarized as follows: (a) Eight stratospheric IDPs and six micrometeorites contain Ca, Al-rich inclusions or refractory minerals. The constituent minerals include spinel, perovskite, fassaite, hibonite, melilite, corundum, diopside and anorthite. (b) Four of the seven obtained rare-earth-element (REE) patterns from refractory objects in stratospheric IDPs and micrometeorites are related to Group III patterns known from refractory inclusions from carbonaceous chondrites. A Group II related pattern was found for spinel and perovskite in two micrometeorites. The seventh REE pattern for an orthopyroxene is unique and can be explained by fractionation of Gd, Lu, and Tb at highly reducing conditions. (c) The O-isotopic compositions of most refractory objects in stratospheric IDPs and micrometeorites are similar to those of constituents from carbonaceous chondrites and fall on the carbonaceous chondrites anhydrous minerals mixing line. In fact, in most cases, in terms of mineralogy, REE pattern and O-isotopic composition of refractory inclusions in stratospheric IDPs and micrometeorites are in good agreement with a suggested genetic relation of dust particles and carbonaceous chondrites. Only in the case of one Antarctic micrometeorite does the REE pattern obtained for an orthopyroxene point to a link of this particle to enstatite chondrites.     

导航卫星自主定轨中系统误差ΔΩ和Δt的消除方法

为了消除利用星间距离或速度观测值进行自主定轨时可能存在的卫星星座整体旋转和卫星钟差整体漂移的误差,提出利用单点定位的方法来研究并消除上述两项误差.当导航卫星整体旋转ΔΩ角时,单点定位所求得的测站经度也会偏移ΔΩ角,据此就能用具有精确地面坐标的控制点来测定ΔΩ角.当各卫星钟中均含有系统误差Δt时,利用单点定位所求得的接收机钟差中也会出现同样的误差,通过与标准时间比对就能测定Δt值.算例结果表明,该方法是有效的、可行的.     

基于双频GPS数据的单历元定向算法研究

在普通的基线长辅助LAMBDA搜索算法的基础上,提出了一种组合的模糊度搜索方法,确保了单历元算法的成功率和精度。实测数据的计算结果表明,本文所采用的单历元算法无论在静态还是动态情况下,都可以得到很高的成功率和很好的定向精度,也说明本文的实时单历元定向算法是可靠的,方案是可行的。     

联合少量地面控制源的空间信息网轨道确定与时间同步

全球低轨卫星通信星座的发展以及全球导航卫星系统卫星轨道和钟差确定技术的进步,为地基连续运行参考系统(CORS)向近地空间转移提供了必要的基础.空间信息网中低轨卫星节点的使用有助于突破地面参考站布设范围的限制,联合少量境内地面控制源可实现全球高精度空间基准服务.针对空间信息网具有的高动态、网络重构性和伸缩性强的特点,如何利用境内少量地面控制源准确确定空间信息网中低轨卫星轨道和时间基准,是实现天基CORS网全球服务的关键.本文研究了基于骨干网和接入网策略进行空间基准和时间基准统一的方法.试验表明,仅利用5个中国境内测站和2个南北极测站,结合12个低轨卫星节点,即可实现约7 cm精度的骨干网中导航卫星和低轨卫星精密轨道确定.在精确确定骨干网节点轨道的条件下,其他节点的实时定轨精度可达10 cm左右.在空间信息网的时间同步体系方面,提出了网络分层自治策略和新型星间链路用于星间和星地高精度时间比对的方法.结果表明基于通信信号体制可实现10 ns精度量级的时间同步性能.     

S2L-RTK: temporal ionospheric modeling for RTK baselines varying from short to long

GPS Solutions - The multipath effect is well known as one of the dominant error sources in most high-precision GNSS applications, as its site-dependent and fast-changing nature render it...