导航卫星自主定轨星座旋转误差的地面校正算法

目的 基于星间测距的导航卫星自主定轨不可避免地会出现星座旋转,导致轨道精度下降并对造成用户定位系统误差。对星座旋转现象的原因和影响进行了分析,指出轨道升交点赤经的系统偏差ΔΩ和地球定向参数EOP的预报误差是星座旋转的主要误差源,主要表现为星座绕地球自转轴(犣轴)的旋转。在此基础上,提出一种独立、实用的星座旋转的地面校正算法,利用区域地面站的伪距观测值估计并校正星座旋转误差。仿真结果表明,使用两个测站可以估计旋转误差的三个分量,较为完善地消除星座旋转误差,显著提高用户定位的精度;使用一个测站,仅考虑关于犣轴的旋转分量,也可以校正大部分旋转误差,但校正效果略差。     

北斗天线相位中心改正策略及其对定位精度的影响分析

当前尚未有权威机构发布北斗接收机天线相位中心改正信息,从而影响和限制了北斗系统的高精度定位应用。针对这一亟待解决的问题,采用以GPS天线相位中心改正（PCO和PCV改正）模型代替BDS天线相位中心改正来提高北斗定位精度的处理策略。结果表明,采用上述处理策略,PPP高程方向偏差从1 dm减小到cm级,相对定位的高程方向偏差从cm级减小到mm级,验证了此处理策略的有效性和可行性。     

On the use of leaf water to determine plant water source: A proof of concept

Source water apportionment studies using the dual isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen have revolutionized our understanding of ecohydrology. But despite these developments—mostly over the past decade—many technical problems still exist in terms of linking xylem water to its soil water and groundwater sources. This is mainly due to sampling issues and possible fractionation of xylem water. Here we explore whether or not leaf water alone can be used to quantify the blend of rainfall event inputs from which the leaf water originates. Leaf water has historically been avoided in plant water uptake studies due to the extreme fractionation processes at the leaf surface. In our proof of concept work we embrace those processes and use the well-known Craig and Gordon model to map leaf water back to its individual precipitation event water sources. We also employ a Bayesian uncertainty estimation approach to quantify source apportionment uncertainties. We show this using a controlled, vegetated lysimeter experiment where we were able to use leaf water to correctly identify the mean seasonal rainfall that was taken up by the plant, with an uncertainty typically within ± 1‰ for δ¹⁸O. While not appropriate for all source water studies, this work shows that leaf water isotope composition may provide a new, relatively un-intrusive method for addressing questions about the plant water source.     

基于EMD和小波的GPS/BDS变形监测中的多路径误差削弱方法

针对GPS/BDS实时监测坐标序列中多路径误差的周日重复特性和高频随机噪声,分别采用EMD以及EMD与小波阈值去噪相结合的方法对现有坐标序列构建多路径时序模型,并通过恒星日滤波削弱后续坐标序列中具有强相关性的多路径误差。实测数据的处理结果表明,EMD可以很好地去除GPS/BDS实时监测序列中的高频随机噪声并削弱多路径误差的影响,提高实时监测精度50%左右,EMD和小波组合方法较单EMD效果稍好。     

On the formation of diaplectic glass: Shock and thermal experiments with plagioclase of different chemical compositions

This contribution addresses the role of chemical composition, pressure, temperature, and time during the shock transformation of plagioclase into diaplectic glass—i.e., maskelynite. Plagioclase of An_50‐57 and An₉₄ was recovered as almost fully isotropic maskelynite from room temperature shock experiments at 28 and 24 GPa. The refractive index (RI) decreased to values of a quenched mineral glass for An_50‐57 plagioclase shocked to 45 GPa and shows a maximum in An₉₄ plagioclase shocked to 41.5 GPa. The An₉₄ plagioclase experiments can serve as shock thermobarometer for lunar highland rocks and howardite, eucrite, and diogenite meteorites. Shock experiments at 28, 32, 36, and 45 GPa and initial temperatures of 77 and 293 K on plagioclase (An_50‐57) produced materials with identical optical and Raman spectroscopic properties. In the low temperature (<540 K) region, the formation of maskelynite is entirely controlled by shock pressure. The RI of maskelynite decreased in heating experiments of 5 min at temperatures of >770 K, thus, providing a conservative upper limit for the postshock temperature history of the rock. Although shock recovery experiments and static pressure experiments differ by nine orders of magnitude in typical time scale (microseconds versus hours), the amorphization of plagioclase occurs at similar pressure and temperature conditions with both methods. The experimental shock calibration of plagioclase can, together with other minerals, be used as shock thermobarometer for naturally shocked rocks.     

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降相关对模糊度解算中搜索效率的影响分析

首先理论分析了条件数、正交缺陷度、S(A)等降相关评价指标所表示的几何意义,然后采用LAMBDA算法、LLL规约算法和Seysen规约算法通过模拟和实际数据对模糊度的搜索效果和不同评价指标之间的关系进行了深入计算分析。进一步验证得出"降低模糊度方差分量间的相关性实现最大程度地压缩椭球可以提高搜索效率"的观点是片面的,并通过结果分析表明提高搜索效率的本质在于尽可能地促使基向量按照一定方向排序。     

Noble gases in the Martian meteorite Northwest Africa 2737: A new chassignite signature

Abstract— We report noble gas data for the second chassignite, Northwest Africa (NWA) 2737, which was recently found in the Moroccan desert. The cosmic ray exposure (CRE) age based on cosmogenic ³He, ²¹Ne, and ³⁸Ar around 10–11 Ma is comparable to the CRE ages of Chassigny and the nakhlites and indicates ejection of meteorites belonging to these two families during a discrete event, or a suite of discrete events having occurred in a restricted interval of time. In contrast, U‐Th/He and K/Ar ages <0.5 Ga are in the range of radiometric ages of shergottites, despite a Sm‐Nd signature comparable to that of Chassigny and the nakhlites (Misawa et al. 2005). Overall, the noble gas signature of NWA 2737 resembles that of shergottites rather than that of Chassigny and the nakhlites: NWA 2737 does not contain, in detectable amount, the solar‐like xenon found in Chassigny and thought to characterize the Martian mantle nor apparently fission xenon from ²⁴⁴Pu, which is abundant in Chassigny and some of the nakhlites. In contrast, NWA 2737 contains Martian atmospheric noble gases trapped in amounts comparable to those found in shergottite impact glasses. The loss of Martian mantle noble gases, together with the trapping of Martian atmospheric gases, could have occurred during assimilation of Martian surface components, or more likely during shock metamorphism, which is recorded in the petrology of this meteorite.     

Galileo IOV卫星广播星历精度评估

介绍广播星历精度评估的基本原理与方法,在此基础上利用长达两年的广播星历数据分析比较Galileo现有IOV卫星的广播轨道精度、钟差精度以及整体精度SISRE的长期和短期变化趋势,结果表明,目前Galileo IOV卫星径向轨道精度优于0.5m,切向精度优于1.8m,法向精度优于1.5m,略优于切向,钟差精度优于5ns,SISRE优于1.3m。从星历精度的长期变化趋势来看,Galileo广播星历精度随系统发展有一定的改善。     

基于实测星间距离的BDS-3卫星集中式自主定轨性能初步分析

简要给出基于星间双向测距的BDS-3导航卫星自主定轨模型,然后基于BDS-3基本系统的18颗MEO的星间链路测距数据开展自主定轨处理及性能分析。结果表明,BDS-3星间链路测距功能运行稳定、连续性较好,单星可用链路数目约为8.5条,星间建链几何构型PDOP值约为1.34;连续30 d的集中式自主定轨处理正常稳定,与事后精密产品比较得出,所有卫星的轨道URE的平均RMS为0.47 m,相对时间同步误差的平均RMS为0.31 ns。