配置法在卫星轨道积分中的应用

介绍了配置法的基本原理和计算方法,探讨了其在卫星轨道积分中的应用。分析了不同的积分步长与方法阶数对积分精度的影响,并确定了适宜的积分步长与方法阶数(与Bernese软件的缺省值一致)。此外,通过与用传统数值积分方法设计的联合积分器计算结果进行比较,得出了配置法的一些优点:可以取较大的积分步长;配置法直接给出的是各个积分区间的多项式系数,用户无需进行内插和拟合即可方便地得到任意时刻的卫星位置和速度。     

Galileo导航系统观测值的质量分析

从信噪比、伪距多路径效应、单差残差和非差观测值精度等方面对进入初始服务初期Galileo导航系统观测值的质量进行了对比分析,最后简要评估了Galileo导航系统的单点定位精度。结果表明:在信噪比方面,Galileo E5最高,E1、E5a和E5b次之且基本相当;在伪距多路径方面,Galileo E1最大,其次分别为E5b和E5a,而E5最小;在单差残差方面,Galileo导航系统单差相位残差基本在±4 mm内,单差伪距残差基本在±0.3 m内;在非差观测值精度方面,Galileo导航系统相位观测值精度E1最高,E5a、E5b和E5次之且基本相当,而伪距观测值精度E5最高,E5b最差;整体上而言,Galileo导航系统观测值的数据质量略优于GPS和BDS;Galileo导航系统单频伪距单点定位的水平精度约为2.2 m,与GPS和BDS的水平定位精度基本相当,而高程精度约为5.2 m,稍差于GPS和BDS,这与可观测卫星数和PDOP有很大的关系。     

北斗三号观测数据质量及定位精度初步评估

开展BDS-3观测数据质量评估对于即将到来的BDS-3应用研究至关重要。本文从载噪比、伪距多路径及观测噪声3方面评估了BDS-3卫星的观测数据质量,在此基础上分析了其标准单点定位和短基线相对定位性能。初步评估结果表明：在载噪比方面,BDS-3卫星的B1I频点比BDS-2卫星高3~4 dB/Hz,B3I频点最高,其余频点大小相当;在多路径方面,BDS-3卫星伪距B2a、B2b和B3I与BDS-2的B3I大小相当,B1I和B1C与BDS-2的B1I、B2I大小相当,且BDS-3各频点的伪距多路径组合中不存在明显的与高度角相关的伪距偏差;在观测值噪声方面,BDS-3卫星与BDS-2卫星各频点大小基本相当。相比于仅使用BDS-2卫星,增加BDS-3卫星可以改善几何图形结构,一定程度上提高伪距单点定位和短基线相对定位的精度。     

北斗中长基线动态定位首次固定时间和定位精度分析

给出单基站北斗中长基线动态定位的数学模型和误差处理策略,基于中国天津、武汉和广东CORS站网的多条中长基线实测数据,对模糊度首次固定时间和定位精度进行评估与分析。结果表明,对于目前的北斗区域系统而言,北斗中长基线的首次固定时间与测站纬度和观测时段有明显的相关性,中国北方地区的平均首次固定时间约为2 h,中部地区约为1.5 h,南方地区不到1 h,同一条基线不同时段的首次固定时间存在差异;模糊度正确固定后的动态解算精度RMS在东方向、北方向、高程方向分别为2.5 cm、2.1 cm和6.1 cm。     

Petrogenesis of the Dar al Gani (DaG) 1.1 Ma ejection-paired olivine-phyric shergottites and implications for ~470 Ma Martian volcanism

The Dar al Gani (DaG) olivine-phyric shergottites share mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, which confirm that these meteorites are derived from a single source. Bulk trace elements (La/Yb—0.12), in situ maskelynite ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (~0.7014) and redox estimates (FMQ ~ −2) indicate derivation from a depleted, reduced mantle reservoir; identical to all ~470 Ma shergottites ejected at 1.1 Ma. The DaG shergottites have been variably affected by terrestrial alteration, which precipitated carbonate along fractures and modified bulk-rock fluid mobile (e.g., Ba) elements. Nonetheless, sufficient data are available to construct a multi-stage formation model for the DaG shergottites and other 1.1 Ma ejection-paired shergottites that erupted at ~470 Ma. First, partial melting of a depleted mantle source occurred at 1540 ± 20°C and 1.2 ± 0.1 GPa, equivalent to > ~100 km depth. Then, initial crystallization in a staging chamber at ~85 km depth at the crust–mantle boundary took place, followed by magma evolution and variable incorporation of antecrystic olivine ± orthopyroxene. Subsequently, crystallization of olivine phenocrysts and re-equilibration of olivine antecrysts occurred within an ascending magma. Finally, magmas with variable crystal loads erupted at the surface, where varied cooling rates produced a range of groundmass textures. This model is similar to picritic flood basalt magmas erupted on Earth.     

基于选权迭代法的GPS/北斗组合单点定位

介绍了GPS/北斗组合单点定位的数学模型,采用IGG-Ⅲ方案对单/双系统单点定位进行定权,并将结果与等权处理结果作比较。分析表明,对于单系统而言,GPS/北斗组合可以显著增加可用卫星数,降低pDop值,提高定位精度;无论是单系统还是组合系统,使用选权迭代法均能在一定程度上改善定位精度,提高解算成功率,且对组合定位效果更佳。     

Dissolution–precipitation reactions in hydrothermal experiments with quartz–feldspar aggregates

Batch and flow-through experiments were performed on quartz–feldspar granular aggregates at hydrothermal conditions (up to ≈150 °C, up to 5 MPa effective pressure, and near-neutral pH) for up to 141 days. The effect of dissolution–precipitation reactions on the surface morphology of the mineral grains was investigated. The starting materials as well as the solids and fluids resulting from the experiments were characterized using BET, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron microprobe analysis, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of fluid samples was used as a proxy for the evolution of the fluid composition in the experiments. The chemical analyses of the fluids in combination with hydrogeochemical simulations with PHREEQC suggested the precipitation of Al–Si-bearing solid phases. Electron microscopy confirmed the formation of secondary amorphous Al–Si-bearing solid phases. The microscopic observations are consistent with a process of stoichiometric dissolution of the mineral grains, transport of dissolved ions in the fluid phase, and spatially coupled precipitation of sub-μm sized amorphous particles on mineral surfaces. These findings shed light onto early stages of diagenesis of quartz–feldspar sands and indicate that amorphous phases may be precursors for the formation of crystalline phases, for example, clay minerals.     

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GPS/BDS组合单点定位算法及结果分析

介绍了GPS、北斗卫星导航系统的时间和坐标系统,并对二者之间的转换和统一进行了概括分析,推导了GPS/BDS组合单点定位的函数模型和随机模型。编制了相应的计算程序,对实测数据进行了处理与分析。结果表明:相对于单系统,GPS/BDS组合系统能够增加可观测卫星数、减小DOP值、提高定位的精度和可靠性,同时也说明算法可行,程序可靠。