Re-Os Dating of Chalcopyrite from the Lala IOCG Deposit in the Kangdian Copper Belt, China

<正>This study focused on the typical Precambrian copperiron-gold-uranium deposits in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze block,such as the Lala in Huili,Dahongshan in Xinping,Yinachang in Wuding,and Chahe in Yuanjiang.Through systematically sampling of rocks,mineral and single mineral samples,this study discussed the continental geodynamics,age of magmatic rocks and metallogenic epoch,coupling relationship between polymetallic elements and ore-forming fluid,and the     

Experimental stream acidification — the influence of sediment and streambed vegetation

An acidification experiment was conducted on a small stream in the Loch Ard area of central Scotland. The stream was chosen because of its large, flow related, variation in pH (5.9-4.0). Two acid additions were made to approximately pH 3.5–3.7. The results indicated a strong correlation between labile aluminium and hydrogen, and a noticeable hysteresis in the response of calcium and hydrogen. It is hypothesised that divalent cation response is a result of ion-exchange mechanisms involving the streambed vegetation, with aluminium release resulting primarily from exchange reactions with streambed sediment stores. Data from a program of stream spot sampling have been analysed in an attempt to elucidate the contribution of different sources of aluminium under different flow conditions. Streambed sources of aluminium contribute significantly under low flow conditions; however, at high flow, additional sources of aluminium must contribute to match observed streamwater chemistry.     

Concentration profiles of particles settling in the neutral and stratified atmospheric boundary layer

An expression for the vertical equilibrium concentration profile of heavy particles, including the effects of canopy on the eddy diffusivity as well as corrections for atmospheric stability, is proposed. This expression is validated against measurements of vertical concentration profiles of corn pollen above a corn field. The fitted theoretical profiles show that particle settling is correctly accounted for. The sensitivity to variations in the turbulent Schmidt number, settling velocity and stability corrections are explicitly characterized. The importance of independent measurements of the surface flux of pollen in future experiments is noted.     

辽宁北部秀水盆地义县组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征及意义——以辽法D1井为例

正辽宁北部秀水盆地位于华北板块北缘陆缘活动带之上,地质构造复杂。秀水盆地是在海西褶皱基底和前寒武纪基底上发育起来的中生代断陷型盆地,面积710 km~2,是前人油气调查工作空白区。秀水盆地早白垩世义县组上部发育优质烃源岩。部署在秀水盆地中部的辽法D1井义县组沉积地层厚度为280 m,暗色泥岩厚度为128 m。本文通过对辽法D1井义县组泥岩样品分析,采用气相色谱、气相色谱—质谱技术,剖析秀水盆地义县组烃源岩     

Characterizing heterogeneous permeable media with spatial statistics and tracer data using sequential simulated annealing

Characterizing heterogeneous permeable media using flow and transport data typically requires solution of an inverse problem. Such inverse problems are intensive computationally and may involve iterative procedures requiring many forward simulations of the flow and transport problem. Previous attempts have been limited mostly to flow data such as pressure transient (interference) tests using multiple observation wells. This paper discusses an approach to generating stochastic permeability fields conditioned to geologic data in the form of a vertical variogram derived from cores and logs as well as fluid flow and transport data, such as tracer concentration history, by sequential application of simulated annealing (SA). Thus, the method incorporates elements of geostatistics within the framework of inverse modeling. For tracer-transport calculations, we have used a semianalytic transit-time algorithm which is fast, accurate, and free of numerical dispersion. For steady velocity fields, we introduce a transit-time function which demonstrates the relative importance of data from different sources. The approach is illustrated by application to a set of spatial permeability measurements and tracer data from an experiment in the Antolini Sandstone, an eolian outcrop from northern Arizona. The results clearly reveal the importance of tracer data in reproducing the correlated features (channels) of the permeability field and the scale effects of heterogeneity.     

郯庐断裂带及两侧地区强震异常特征分析

对郯庐断裂带及两侧的山东、辽宁、河北、江苏、江西等地区1966～2005年发生的24次中强以上地震的前兆观测异常,从异常持续时间、空间分布、时空相关性、异常形态、幅度特征、异常种类和可靠性等方面进行了系统的统计和分析,结果表明：①7级和6级地震中期异常最多,短期异常其次,临震异常最少。5级地震短期异常最多,其次是临震异常,中期异常最少;②异常具有阶段性特征,部分中期和短期地震前兆异常在发展过程中出现了短期或临震异常;③异常发展具有准同步性,越临近发震,异常转折项目越多;④异常主要出现在震中距100km范围内,在空间上具有相对集中性,且震中距越小,异常台项比越高;⑤异常空间分布与构造走向比较一致,显示出与构造较好的相关性;⑥异常持续时间与震中距之间没有显著的相关性;⑦震级越大,同一观测手段的异常幅度相对越大;⑧流体学科异常最多,其次是形变、电磁;⑨不同学科的异常均表现为中、短期异常为主,少数短临异常;⑩流体、形变和电磁学科较可靠异常数量均约为可靠异常的1倍。     

Three dimensional large scale earthquake simulator with six degrees of freedom

Conclusions When the aseismic test of large scale structure is performed, it is a major performance that the actual response waveform is identical to the input signal waveform under the condition of analog control, especially when the damping of the structure tested is small. The rotational motions of the simulator are induced due to the structure inertia, so that it is a key technique for the simulator design that realizes independent control of the simulator with six degrees of freedom and suppresses the rotational motions. In the design, the modern control techniques are applied and a high performance of the three dimensional earthquake simulator is developed successfully. The simulator can simulate actual earthquake load and it is an important test device for aseismic research. This paper is a main project of the Eighth Five Plan, State Seismological Bureau.     

Determination of allowable subgrade frost heave with the pavement roughness index in numerical analysis

Frost heave is an upward swelling of soil during cryogenic conditions in cold regions. It is caused by the accumulation of ice crystals in subgrade soil, which grow upwards when freezing temperatures penetrate into the subgrade. This study establishes the allowable soil subgrade frost heave based on the roughness standard of asphalt pavement in China, and aims to balance the pavement design and frost heave resistance of subgrades in cold regions. We formulated a mechanical model of pavement supported by the boundary conditions of differential frost heave, based on the elastic layered system theory. The differential soil subgrade frost heave was modeled as a sinusoidal function, and the allowable frost heave and the roughness index were modeled as the displacement boundaries for the top and bottom of the pavement structure. Then the allowable frost heave was back-calculated according to the roughness standard. Numerical results show that the allowable frost heave depends on the pavement structure, material properties, the highway grade, and other factors. In order to ensure that the actual soil subgrade frost heave is lower than the allowable frost heave, pavement structures and materials need to be selected and designed carefully. The numerical method proposed here can be applied to establish the frost heave resistance of subgrade when the pavement structure and materials are determined.     

The origin of intergalactic stars in galaxy clusters

The paper analyzes possible origins of stars located in intergalactic space that are not bound to specific galaxies, which comprise 15–50% of all stars in galaxy clusters. Some such stars can form in streams of intergalactic gas flowing around gas-rich disk galaxies moving in the cluster. Others may be the products of the decay of young, low-mass, spheroidal galaxies after the loss of their gaseous components during an initial burst of star formation. The decay of low-mass disk galaxies moving at high speeds after they have lost their gaseous components due to the pressure of the incident flow of dense intergalactic gas is possible in the cluster core. The largest fraction of intergalactic stars are probably produced by the partial disruption of galaxies as a result of close passages, collisions, or mergers. Collisions of low-mass, gas-rich galaxies are especially good suppliers of intergalactic stars. Both stars from decaying stellar components of galaxies and stars arising in the gaseous components of colliding galaxies can be supplied to the intergalactic medium. The merger of galaxies harboring supermassive black holes in their nuclei could lead to the partial or total disruption of these galaxies during the deceleration of the binary black hole that is formed during the merger. An enhanced density of intergalactic stars is observed in the cores of galaxy clusters, underscoring the role of galaxy collisions in the formation of the intergalactic stellar population, since the frequency of galaxy collisions grows with their density.     

On the 70th birthday of F.V. Dolzhanskii

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics -