基于匹配追踪算法的OVT域五维插值技术研究

为提高宽方位地震数据的成像质量,改善面元属性之间的不均匀性,发展了宽方位OVT域数据五维插值技术.正交匹配追踪傅立叶插值技术是OVT域五维数据插值的有效技术,该技术以傅立叶变换作为算子,将数据变换到频率空间域,产生若干个频率切片,从若干个频率切片中选取一个傅立叶分量系数,同时综合利用地震数据的"纵向、横向、时间、偏移距、方位角"五个维度信息计算插值算子,为了避免选中假频成份,在每一步迭代中通过引入滤波算子对所选取的傅立叶分量的系数进行重新计算,实现反假频的目的 .与常规三维数据插值相比,OVT域五维插值更精确,振幅保真性更好.     

数据共享与学科交叉研究——浅析社科领域的GIS系统应用

随着GIS产业的建立和数字化信息产品在全世界的普及,GIS已然发展成为一个以领域应用为主的信息产业。纵观现今GIS技术的科研应用领域,大多数领域的应用都集中在具有很强空间属性的自然科学范畴中,而在同样需要时空属性支持的哲学人文社会科学领域却为数不多。因此,为了增强对哲学人文社会科学领域研究中与时空属性相关的支持,研究GIS技术在哲学人文社会科学领域中的应用,中国社会科学综合地理信息服务平台应运而生。本文从社科领域GIS技术应用的现状研究着手,详细分析了中国社会科学院所特有的丰富资源基础,阐述了中国社会科学综合地理信息服务平台系统的建设目标和主要功能提供,并进行了系统的应用前景展望。     

空间数据访问集成与分布式空间数据源对象查询

目前,针对空间数据库的访问与处理方法,无法满足分布式环境下异构数据源的服务化存取和面向空间数据源的对象查询处理需求。本文给出了数据网格环境下的分布式空间数据访问与查询的方法和实现,并在服务化查询处理过程中,嵌入符合SQL/MM查询规范的空间拓展函数,实现分布式空间数据对象查询和嵌入查询过程中的空间数据分析处理。在此基础上,给出空间数据对象查询树的构造过程,以及分布式空间查询工作流的执行流程。数据访问与集成策略在空间数据处理上的应用,对异构空间数据源协同处理等,涉及大规模空间数据存取访问的应用需求,有很好的理论和实际应用价值。     

分级循环荷载下土工格室加筋路堤模型试验研究

目前对土工格室加筋路堤研究主要集中在静载条件下,动载条件下研究的比较少。为研究分级循环荷载下土工格室加筋路堤的力学性能,采用USTX-2000的动力加载装置进行加载,对土工格室加筋路堤在不同加筋层数、格室高度、格室焊距等工况下进行一系列模型试验。对分级循环荷载下路堤的竖向变形和坡面法向变形进行研究,并与固定振幅循环荷载及静载作用下的路堤进行对比分析,研究不同加载方案路堤力学性能的差异性。试验结果表明,土工格室加筋能显著提高路堤承受分级循环荷载的能力和减小竖向累积沉降量,在加筋间距一定的情况下,两层及以上加筋效果比单层加筋效果更显著,格室高度增大和格室焊距减小均可不同程度提高路堤承受分级循环荷载能力并减小竖向累积沉降量;加筋可减小路堤分级循环荷载下的坡面法向变形,格室高度增大和格室焊距减小在分级循环荷载幅值相同时均能减小坡顶和坡中处的法向累积变形;分级循环荷载作用下,当振次≥8 000或幅值≥80 kPa时,路堤竖向累积沉降量超过固定振幅循环荷载,当振次≥9 000或振幅≥90 kPa时,路堤坡顶法向累积变形超过固定振幅循环荷载;分级循环荷载作用下,路堤竖向和坡面法向累积变形均大于静载,加筋可有效减小分级循环荷载和静载作用下坡面法向累积变形差。     

准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系油气成藏主控因素定量分析及有利区预测

侏罗系是准噶尔盆地的主力油气层,资源潜力巨大;但其探明程度却很低,石油探明程度为17.5%,天然气探明程度仅为3%,油气聚集规律十分复杂。为此,本文应用要素匹配成藏模式(T-CDMS)预测了准噶尔盆地侏罗系的有利成藏领域。通过对准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系四大主控因素(区域盖层(C)、优质沉积相(D)、古隆起(M)和烃源岩(S))的控藏地质特征研究,建立了各个主控因素的控藏定量数学模型。将单因素控藏概率加权平均得到功能要素综合控藏概率指数,依据该指数预测了准噶尔盆地侏罗系目的层在两个不同成藏期的有利成藏区域。结果表明:侏罗系最有利的成藏区域为陆梁隆起地区、车莫古隆起地区和沙北断阶带地区。经验证已发现的油气藏落入预测区带的概率达90%以上。     

Environmental variabilities and the distribution of octocorals and black corals in Hong Kong

A recent comprehensive survey covering 125 sites in Hong Kong waters recorded 29 soft coral species in 14 genera, 38 species of gorgonians in 19 genera and six species of black corals in two genera. Environmental variabilities based on water quality data collected by Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department were analyzed using multivariate statistics to find variables that are significantly correlated with coral distribution patterns. Eleven water quality zones with similar environmental variabilities were recognized, which could further be classified into five groups, namely Inner Bay, Outer Bay, Eastern, Western and Southern waters. LINKTREE analysis provided an overall trend indicating the importance of salinity, sediment and nutrient loadings in affecting octocoral and black coral distribution from west to east of Hong Kong waters, and from inner to outer bays. Furthermore, water turbidity and wave exposure could also affect the coral distribution patterns from north, northeast to southern waters.     

Effects of hypoxia on biofilms and subsequently larval settlement of benthic invertebrates

Biofilms on submerged surfaces are important in determining larval settlement of most marine benthic invertebrates. We investigated if exposure of biofilms to hypoxia would alter the larval settlement pattern and result in a shift in benthic invertebrate community structure in the field. Biofilms were first exposed to hypoxia or normoxia in laboratory microcosms for 7 days, and then deployed in the field for another 7 days to allow for larval settlement and recruitment to occur. Using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16S rRNA gene, this study showed that hypoxia altered the biofilm bacterial community composition, and the difference between the hypoxic and normoxic treatments increased with the time of exposure period. This study also demonstrated significantly different benthic invertebrate community structures as a result of biofilm exposure to hypoxia and that the hypoxic and normoxic treatments were dominated by Hydroides sp. and Folliculina sp., respectively.     

Anomalous Diffuse CO2 Emissions at the Masaya Volcano (Nicaragua) Related to Seismic-Volcanic Unrest

Anomalous changes in the diffuse emission of carbon dioxide within the Masaya caldera have been observed before two seismic events that occurred at 10 and 30 km from the observation site. Their epicenters are located, respectively, south of Managua in Las Colinas (4.3 magnitude) and the Xiloa caldera (3.6 magnitude), in 2002 and 2003, recorded by the geochemical station located at El Comalito, Masaya volcano (Nicaragua). Anomalous increases were observed, which occurred around 50 and 8 days before the main seismic event that took place in Las Colinas, and 4 days before the seismic swarm at the Xiloa caldera, with a maximum CO₂ efflux of 9.3 and 10.7 kg m^?2 day^?1, respectively. The anomalous CO₂ efflux increases remained after filtering with multiple regression analysis was applied to the CO₂ efflux time series, which indicated that atmospheric variables, during the first 4 months, explained 23 % CO₂ variability, whereas, during the rest of the time series, CO₂ efflux values are poorly controlled with only 6 %. The observed anomalies of the diffuse CO₂ emission rate might be related to pressure changes within the volcanic–hydrothermal system and/or to geostructural changes in the crust due to stress/strain changes caused before and during the earthquakes’ formation, and seem not to be related to the activity of the main crater of Masaya volcano.     

“可测量、可报告、可核实”方法的框架及在中国的适用性分析

《联合国气候变化框架公约》第13次缔约方会议通过的《巴厘行动计划》中,提出了"可测量、可报告、可核实(MRV)"的国家行动的概念,包括在下一个国际协议中。但目前对哪些内容要进行MRV,范围是什么,发达国家和发展中国家都要如何进行MRV还不是很清晰,也存在不少争议。本文提供了作者的研究认识,就MRV的框架进行描述,并结合一些政策制定中的核心问题进行了分析。同时在中国背景下分析了如何进行已有国家行动和政策的MRV,以及未来的方向。     

Kinetics of the reactions of soot surface-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with NO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The kinetics of heterogeneous reactions of NO₂ with 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed on laboratory generated kerosene soot surface was studied over the temperature range (255–330) K in a low pressure flow reactor combined with an electron-impact mass spectrometer. The kinetics of soot-bound PAH consumption due to their desorption and reaction with NO₂ were monitored using off-line HPLC measurements of their concentrations in soot samples as a function of reaction time, NO₂ concentrations in the gas phase being analyzed by mass spectrometer. No measurable decay of PAHs due to the reaction with NO₂ was observed under experimental conditions of the study (maximum NO₂ concentration of 5.5 × 10¹⁴ molecule cm⁻³ and reaction time of 45 min), which allowed to determine the upper limits of the first-order rate constants for the heterogeneous reactions of 17 soot-bound PAHs with NO₂: k < 5.0 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ (for most PAHs studied). Comparison of these results to previous studies carried on different carbonaceous substrates, showed that heterogeneous reactivity of PAHs towards NO₂ is, probably, dependent on the substrate nature even for resembling, although different carbonaceous materials. Results show that particulate PAHs degradation by NO₂ alone is of minor importance in the atmosphere