四川雅安市雨城区降雨诱发滑坡研究

降雨是滑坡灾害的重要诱发因素之一。通过详细的地质灾害调查及地质灾害与降雨相关关系的研究,得出降雨对雅安雨城区地质灾害诱发作用的规律并进一步定量评价了诱发因素级别。研究发现,降雨量对滑坡的诱发因素可划分为4级,1d降雨量分级临界值分别为20mm、50mm和100mm,3d降雨量分级临界值分别为100mm、150mm和240mm。这一研究成果为雅安雨城区地质灾害预警预报提供了基础。     

GPS静态连续变位监测系统的应用——以四川雅安滑坡为例

GPS精密测量在火山监测等地壳变动、山体滑坡监测中起到了非常有效的作用,已被广泛使用。但是,以前多在土木测量中使用的器材在实际监测中有很多限制,包括传感器、电源、通信等,如不做成系统很难体现出利用价值。笔者成功地将在恶劣气候条件下也能实施监测的系统实用化,并利用连续监测,通过统计处理达到高精度的实时变位监测。目前,日本有超过380个此类系统在通信、电源、环境条件均非常恶劣的现场运行着。我们应用此系统对四川雅安多营滑坡进行连续位移监测,并通过因特网实现位移监测数据的实时传输。经过近一年的监测证明,此系统监测精度高、运行稳定可靠[1~4]。     

A Preliminary Study on the Calculating Method for the Evolution of Siltation and Erosion of Tidal Flat Based on GIS

The estuary and coast is an area where the land and the sea interact and a place in which human beings frequently move about so that understanding and controlling the change and development modes of the coastal landform plays a vital part in exploiting and protecting coastal resources. A model is the generalization and abstraction of objective things. This paper summarizes four methods for the landform development of the tidal shore and underwater delta, mainly discusses the model‘s structural elements, and presents their specific application on the basis of the authors‘ case study. With the application of the profile model, the dynamic change of coastal landform can be clearly seen by contrasting the different profiles of different years. Through the shrinking, expanding and transformation of the isobath, plane model is used to study the macro-change of the shoal and the coastal landform. Speed model is an efficient means to analyze the trend of erosion and deposition and the local change in a great area of the sea. Statistical survey model is a static analysis, which can be used to establish the relationship between the erosion and deposition of the shoal and the altitude and slope of survey spot.     

Remote sensing mapping of the regeneration of coastal natural habitats in Singapore: Implications for marine conservation in tropical cities

Rapid urbanization has resulted in the loss of coastal and marine habitats in cities worldwide. The effective conservation of urban coastal ecosystems requires detailed knowledge of their spatial distribution, necessitating high-resolution mapping. Our study produces a high-resolution coastal and marine habitat map and shoreline map for the tropical city-state of Singapore created through pixel-based supervised classification of satellite imagery, bathymetry data and expert ground knowledge. These maps can be used as a base reference for multiple applications including ecological research, conservation and urban planning. They also help identifiy trends in the extent of key coastal habitats, providing insight into their differing levels of vulnerability to loss and potential for restoration to ensure long-term resilience. The method used for mapping shoreline typologies and resulting insights gained, can guide other rapidly urbanizing coastal cities on strategies to assemble useful spatial knowledge for effective conservation of their urban coastal ecosystems.     

数据共享与学科交叉研究——浅析社科领域的GIS系统应用

随着GIS产业的建立和数字化信息产品在全世界的普及,GIS已然发展成为一个以领域应用为主的信息产业.纵观现今GIS技术的科研应用领域,大多数领域的应用都集中在其有很强空间属性的自然科学范畴中,而在同样需要时空属性支持的哲学人文社会科学领域却为数不多.因此,为了增强对哲学人文社会科学领域研究中与时空属性相关的支持,研究G...     

AMS 14C测年揭示的临夏盆地巴谢河流域典型滑坡的四次滑动

正1研究目的(Objective)自1983年3月7日甘肃省东乡族自治县发生导致237人死亡的洒勒山滑坡灾害以来,巴谢河流域吸引了国内外大量学者在此开展滑坡研究。这一地区灾难性滑坡多具有多期次活动的特征,但对滑坡历史的认识,尚缺乏年代学数据支持。本研究以本地区典型滑坡——上正滑坡为例,通过滑坡年代学研究,重建滑坡的滑动历史。     

北京大兴区村庄变迁研究

村庄的发展变迁承载着重要的社会、历史与文化信息,印证着社会发展的脉落,记录着历史的发展足迹,承载着丰厚的历史文化底蕴,是区域文化的重要组成部分,具有不可替代性,值得传承与保留。     

Cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation and chemical characterization of sewage treated using activated sludge and a floating emergent-macrophyte filter in a municipal wastewater treatment plant: a case study in Southern Brazil

This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical parameters and the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of raw domestic sewage and effluents from treatment with activated sludge and a floating emergent-macrophyte filter from a domestic wastewater treatment plant in the city of Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The physicochemical analysis revealed that both treatment systems achieved the legal emission pattern for biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and suspended solids, but ammoniacal nitrogen and E. coli values were above the limits in the macrophyte treatment effluent. Phosphorous values were above the maximum permitted for both treatments. The results obtained from the Allium cepa test and the micronuclei test in fish did not demonstrate any significant differences in both cytotoxicity (mitotic index) and genotoxicity (chromosome aberration and micronucleus) endpoints between the negative control group and the exposed groups. However, the comet assay in fish revealed a DNA damage increase in animals exposed to the 30 % concentration of the macrophyte effluent and two concentrations of the activated sludge treatment effluent (10 and 75 %), which suggests that these two treatment systems may increase wastewater genotoxicity.     

纵、横波联合反演方法在海拉尔盆地贝39井区的应用

海拉尔贝39井区构造复杂,砂体边界识别难,常规纵波地震解释存在多解性,引入转换波信息可增加地震解释的可靠性.由测井曲线的岩石物理分析可知,在纵波阻抗-速度比双弹性空间可识别砂泥岩.本文根据海拉尔地区测井资料的特点,利用拟合方法重构横波测井曲线;基于海拉尔贝39井区三维三分量地震数据,采用放大比例尺层拉平的精细层位解释及纵波降颊和转换波提频相结合的方法进行精细层位匹配,在此基础上,由纵、横波联合反演求出速度比属性,定性描述了储层的平面分布,与贝39井钻遇油层特征相符,解决了该地区的油水分布问题.应用属性切片技术得到油层组的砂体平面展布,砂体的展布特征与区域地质认识的物源沉积方向具有较好的吻合程度,并对贝39并区的油藏类型进行了重新认识.     

川藏公路八宿至林芝段堆积体边坡的治理措施及其效果分析

该路段独特的自然地质条件孕育众多松散堆积体和地质灾害。为保护公路不受灾害危害,目前采用明洞、防冲刷、排水、抗滑和坡面防护工程。在研究这些防治措施和评价其效果的基础上,提出更合理的堆积体边坡防治方案。同时,为拟建川藏铁路的堆积体边坡灾害提出防治建议。