Research and application of mud proportioning optimization of slurry balance shield in mudstone and gravel composite stratum

Slurry performance is one of the key factors to maintain the stability of excavation face when slurry balance shield is tunneling in complex strata. Based on the engineering background of slurry shield tunneling in mudstone and gravel composite stratum of Nanning Metro Line 5, the control variable method and the self-made slurry shield tunneling system are adopted to compare and select the mud admixture and to analyze the influence of the admixture amount and the formation composite ratio on the slurry relative density. Then, the mud permeability law and the dynamic and static mud film forming law under different formation composite ratios, swelling water ratios and slag dosages are analyzed comprehensively by factorial design. The results show that different admixtures have significant influence on the properties of bentonite slurry. Specifically, potassium methyl silicate and potassium chloride can effectively reduce the relative density of slurry, while sodium chloride and sodium silicate can promote the disintegration of mudstone in water. In addition, the slag admixture can effectively reduce the water filtration, improving the film quality and reducing the consumption of bentonite. When the cutter head speed is less than or equal to 2.5 r/min, the formation rate of mud film is greater than or equal to the failure rate so as to ensure the stability of driving face. The mud swelling water ratio suitable for mudstone and gravel composite stratum (composite ratio: 0?1) is 0.1?0.20, the residue content is 100?200 g/kg, and the potassium methyl silicate is 3.75%?7.50%.     

Interannual salinity variability of the Northern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass

This paper discusses the interannual variability of the Northern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(NYSCWM) and the factors that influence it,based on survey data from the 1976–2006 national standard section and the Korea Oceanographic Data Center,monthly E-P flux data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,and meridional wind speed data from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set. The results show that:1) the mean salinity of the NYSCWM center has a slightly decreasing trend,which is not consistent with the high salinity center; 2) both the southern salinity front and the halocline of the NYSCWM display a weakening trend,which indicates that the difference between the NYSCWM and coastal water decreases; 3) the Yellow Sea Warm Current intrusion,the E-P flux of the northern Yellow Sea,and the strength of the winter monsoon will affect the NYSCWM salinity during the following summer.     

用新的解谱软件及X射线荧光光谱法分析硫的化学态

根据离散傅立叶变换与褶积定理,开发了快速傅立叶变换自消褶积解谱软件,有９种窗函数可供选择。结合图形软件,并通过模拟谱和实验谱的叠加、二分法的运用等,实现了自动搜寻谱峰和参数的新算法,并将其应用于Ｘ射线荧光光谱分析硫的化学态的研究中,给出了模拟谱自消褶积解谱结果,不同化学态硫的混合物实测谱与解谱结果比较图。     

基于ArcGIS的地铁施工中地层变形模拟研究

采用反距离权重法。应用ArcGIS对地铁施工引起的土体变形和地面沉降进行3维可视化模拟及预测。并通过与传统估算方法进行比较分析,为地铁施工风险评估提供直观及可靠的依据。     

近半个世纪长江口九段沙湿地的冲淤演变

根据1958~2004年的系列地形图,在地理信息系统软件ArcGis8.2的支持下,探讨近半个世纪九段沙湿地演变过程。研究表明:九段沙在长期的自然淤积过程中既具有趋势性的渐变,又存在非趋势性的突变,北槽深水航道工程改变了九段沙的自然冲淤模式,使九段沙顶端至江亚南沙大片区域显著淤积,工程后期,淤积速率回落,九段沙形态稳定。     

Distribution Characteristics of Formed Region of Condensate in Slope Fractured Rock Mass

Taking a high and steep rocky slope in Jixianguan, Anqing city as the research object, combining with the temperature and relative humidity monitoring data within a depth of 4 m in the spring, summer, autumn and winter of the fractured rock mass, we divided the formed region of condensed water by studying the water vapor and heat migration in the fractured rock mass and the changing characteristics of supersaturated frequency of relative humidity. The results showed that the frequency of water vapor supersaturation in fractured rock increased gradually along its migration direction. In summer, from shallow to deep, the fractured rock mass is in the order of water vapor unsaturated zone, near-saturated zone and supersaturated zone and condensate is mainly formed in the deep; in autumn and winter, from shallow to deep, there are unsaturated zones of water vapor, supersaturated zone, near-saturated zone and unsaturated zone and condensate is mainly formed in the shallow part; in spring, the water vapor undersaturated zone, near-saturated zone and supersaturated zone are in order and the distribution range of condensate formed region is large.     

面向网格环境的Java跨平台GIS系统原型实现的关键技术

针对传统地理信息系统在空间数据处理中无法有效进行数据访问与集成的问题,提出了面向网格计算环境下空间数据访问与集成的地理信息系统体系架构,并给出了面向网格环境的Java跨平台GIS系统原型的设计方案,以及地理信息网格服务化提升的关键技术。进一步整合Java拓扑模型、Eclipse富客户端平台与面向海量数据访问的数据网格组件,以标准规范的开发流程,给出构建面向网格环境具备可拓展结构的跨平台地理信息系统原型的实现过程。     

基于北斗一号的地质灾害自动监测系统

由于地面无线通信网络无法实现无缝覆盖,存在通信盲区,容易遭受地质灾害等外界因素的破坏与影响,基于地面无线通信的地质灾害监测系统在上述条件下将无法正常运行。提出基于北斗卫星系统的地质灾害监测系统,并针对常见的滑坡、地面沉降等地质灾害设计并建立包含北京、上海、三峡库区、江苏、河北等13个地区的基于北斗一号卫星的地质灾害监测系统。首先介绍北斗卫星通信的流程及其特点,阐述系统架构,分析关键技术及其应用情况,最后给出对该系统的综合评价结果。     

The contribution of lateritization processes to the formation of the kaolin deposits from eastern Amazon

The eastern region of the Amazon is home to the most important kaolin bauxite producing district in Brazil, referred to as the Paragominas-Capim kaolin bauxite district, which has a reserve of at least 1.0 billion tons of high-quality kaolin used in the paper coating industry. The kaolin deposits are closely related to sedimentary rocks of the Parnaíba basin and their lateritic cover. Two large deposits are already being mined: IRCC (Ipixuna) and PPSA (Paragominas). The geology of the IRCC mine is comprised of the kaolin-bearing lower unit (truncated mature laterite succession derived from the Ipixuna/Itapecuru formation) and the upper unit (immature lateritized Barreiras formation). The lower kaolin unit is characterized by a sandy facies at the bottom and a soft (ore) with flint facies at the top. It is formed by kaolinite, quartz, some iron oxi-hydroxides, mica and several accessories and heavy minerals. The <2 μm kaolinite crystallites only correspond to 41.3–58.3% of the soft kaolin, and large booklets of 15–300 μm are common. The degree of structure order of kaolinite decreases towards the flint kaolin. The chemical composition of the soft kaolin is similar to the theoretical chemical composition of kaolinite, with low iron content, and can be well correlated to most kaolin deposits in the region. The distribution pattern of chemical elements from sandy to flint kaolin (lower unit) suggests a lateritic evolution and erosive truncation. This is quite distinct from the upper unit, which has a mineralogical and chemical pathway relating it to a complete immature lateritic profile. The geological evolution of the IRCC kaolin is similar to that of other deposits in the eastern Amazon region, being comprised of: parent rocks formed in an estuarine marine and fluvio-laccustrine environment during the early Cretaceous; establishment of mature lateritization with the formation of kaolin in the Eocene; marine transgression and regression – (Pirabas and Barreiras formation) with kaolin profile erosion and forward movement of deferruginization and flintization during the Miocene after partial mangrove covering; and immature lateritization – partial kaolin ferruginization during the Pleistocene.     

四川雅安市雨城区降雨诱发滑坡研究

降雨是滑坡灾害的重要诱发因素之一。通过详细的地质灾害调查及地质灾害与降雨相关关系的研究,得出降雨对雅安雨城区地质灾害诱发作用的规律并进一步定量评价了诱发因素级别。研究发现,降雨量对滑坡的诱发因素可划分为4级,1d降雨量分级临界值分别为20mm、50mm和100mm,3d降雨量分级临界值分别为100mm、150mm和240mm。这一研究成果为雅安雨城区地质灾害预警预报提供了基础。