全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1086篇 |
免费 | 52篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 30篇 |
大气科学 | 186篇 |
地球物理 | 253篇 |
地质学 | 452篇 |
海洋学 | 38篇 |
天文学 | 129篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
自然地理 | 57篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 28篇 |
2020年 | 27篇 |
2019年 | 28篇 |
2018年 | 42篇 |
2017年 | 32篇 |
2016年 | 62篇 |
2015年 | 47篇 |
2014年 | 61篇 |
2013年 | 80篇 |
2012年 | 63篇 |
2011年 | 76篇 |
2010年 | 59篇 |
2009年 | 71篇 |
2008年 | 60篇 |
2007年 | 44篇 |
2006年 | 56篇 |
2005年 | 48篇 |
2004年 | 32篇 |
2003年 | 24篇 |
2002年 | 26篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
1960年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
1951年 | 1篇 |
1950年 | 1篇 |
1936年 | 1篇 |
1927年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1151条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
71.
Blood metal levels and metal-influenced immune functions of harbour seals in captivity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kakuschke A Valentine-Thon E Griesel S Rosenberger T Mundry R Siebert U Prange A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(4):764-769
Immunological blood parameters and the effects of environmental pollutants on the immune system are important to assess the health status of seals. Animals living permanently in seal centres are useful for development and validation of diagnostic tools for free-ranging animals. In this study, parameters of cellular immunity as well as metal concentrations in blood and metal influence on cell proliferation of seven seals from a seal centre were investigated repeatedly using multi-element analysis and a lymphocyte proliferation assay. The metal concentrations, except for tin and chromium, were in general comparable to those of free-ranging animals of the North Sea. The unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation showed strong intra- and inter-individual variability, which reflected variability in activation of the immune status. Furthermore, both immunosuppressive and stimulative influences of metals on lymphocytes were found. Summarising, the methods used in this investigation provided useful information on these animals, and their application to free-ranging animals can be recommended. 相似文献
72.
Assessment of nutrient sources and paleoproductivity during the past century in Longgan Lake,middle reaches of the Yangtze River,China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were determined in combination with stable isotope
ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13COrg, δ15N) in a 63 cm sediment core from Longgan Lake, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, China. These geochemical
and isotopic records provide a continuous history of lake productivity and trophic state of Longgan Lake since 1890. Variations
of δ13COrg, TOC, TN and TP indicate that primary productivity of Longgan Lake increased continuously during the last century and that
the trophic state of the lake shifted from oligotrophic to mestrotrophic conditions accordingly. Anthropogenic sources of
organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were distinguished from their natural background in the sediments using
mass accumulation rates. Element mass accumulation rates suggested increased human activities in the lake’s catchment since
1950s, were especially the utilization of artificial fertilizers amplified the anthropogenic input of N and P into the lake.
In the course of the improved availability of dissolved nutrients also primary productivity of Longgan Lake increased, resulting
in an increase of the Suess-effect corrected organic carbon isotope ratios. δ15N of bulk sediments show a marked shift towards lower values around 1950 that has been attributed to the input of nitrogen
from chemical fertilizers characterized by relatively depleted isotopic signatures into the lake. 相似文献
73.
74.
Stefan M. Schmid Andreas Scharf Mark R. Handy Claudio L. Rosenberg 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2013,106(1):1-32
We present a tectonic map of the Tauern Window and surrounding units (Eastern Alps, Austria), combined with a series of crustal-scale cross-sections parallel and perpendicular to the Alpine orogen. This compilation, largely based on literature data and completed by own investigations, reveals that the present-day structure of the Tauern Window is primarily characterized by a crustal-scale duplex, the Venediger Duplex (Venediger Nappe system), formed during the Oligocene, and overprinted by doming and lateral extrusion during the Miocene. This severe Miocene overprint was most probably triggered by the indentation of the Southalpine Units east of the Giudicarie Belt, initiating at 23–21 Ma and linked to a lithosphere-scale reorganization of the geometry of mantle slabs. A kinematic reconstruction shows that accretion of European lithosphere and oceanic domains to the Adriatic (Austroalpine) upper plate, accompanied by high-pressure overprint of some of the units of the Tauern Window, has a long history, starting in Turonian time (around 90 Ma) and culminating in Lutetian to Bartonian time (45–37 Ma). 相似文献
75.
Environmental consequence analyses of fish farm emissions related to different scales and exemplified by data from the Baltic--a review 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The aim of this work is to review studies to evaluate how emissions from fish cage farms cause eutrophication effects in marine environments. The focus is on four different scales: (i) the conditions at the site of the farm, (ii) the local scale related to the coastal area where the farm is situated, (iii) the regional scale encompassing many coastal areas and (iv) the international scale including several regional coastal areas. The aim is to evaluate the role of nutrient emissions from fish farms in a general way, but all selected examples come from the Baltic Sea. An important part of this evaluation concerns the method to define the boundaries of a given coastal area. If this is done arbitrarily, one would obtain arbitrary results in the environmental consequence analysis. In this work, the boundary lines between the coast and the sea are drawn using GIS methods (geographical information systems) according to the topographical bottleneck method, which opens a way to determine many fundamental characteristics in the context of mass balance calculations. In mass balance modelling, the fluxes from the fish farm should be compared to other fluxes to, within and from coastal areas. Results collected in this study show that: (1) at the smallest scale (<1 ha), the "footprint" expressing the impact areas of fish cage farm often corresponds to the size of a "football field" (50-100 m) if the annual fish production is about 50 ton, (2) at the local scale (1 ha to 100 km2), there exists a simple load diagram (effect-load-sensitivity) to relate the environmental response and effects from a specific load from a fish cage farm. This makes it possible to obtain a first estimate of the maximum allowable fish production in a specific coastal area, (3) at the regional scale (100-10,000 km2), it is possible to create negative nutrient fluxes, i.e., use fish farming as a method to reduce the nutrient loading to the sea. The breaking point is to use more than about 1.1 g wet weight regionally caught wild fish per gram feed for the cultivated fish, and (4) at the international scale (>10,000 km2) related to the Baltic Proper, the contribution from fish farms to the overall nutrient fluxes are very small. We have also given two case-studies at the local scale where the impact of the fish farm emissions are greatest and the idea is to identify coastal areas unsuitable and suitable for fish cage farms and the reasons why. It should also be stressed that the results presented here are exemplified using emissions from fish farms, but that the underlying principles to evaluate the ecosystem effects of nutrient discharges from point source emissions are valid in a wider and more general perspective. 相似文献
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.