全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1290篇 |
免费 | 79篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 25篇 |
大气科学 | 103篇 |
地球物理 | 368篇 |
地质学 | 481篇 |
海洋学 | 90篇 |
天文学 | 216篇 |
综合类 | 9篇 |
自然地理 | 96篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 23篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 38篇 |
2018年 | 59篇 |
2017年 | 85篇 |
2016年 | 63篇 |
2015年 | 61篇 |
2014年 | 60篇 |
2013年 | 93篇 |
2012年 | 62篇 |
2011年 | 77篇 |
2010年 | 66篇 |
2009年 | 69篇 |
2008年 | 77篇 |
2007年 | 58篇 |
2006年 | 54篇 |
2005年 | 45篇 |
2004年 | 47篇 |
2003年 | 44篇 |
2002年 | 33篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1388条查询结果,搜索用时 13 毫秒
51.
Comparison of ladderane phospholipid and core lipids as indicators for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in marine sediments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Andrea Jaeschke Christine Rooks Joanna C. Nicholls Stefan Schouten 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(7):2077-2088
We investigated anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in continental shelf and slope sediments of the Irish and Celtic Seas by using anammox specific ladderane biomarker lipids. We used the presence of an intact ladderane phospholipid as a direct indicator for living anammox bacteria, and compared it with the abundance of ladderane core lipids derived from both living and dead bacterial biomass. All investigated sediments contained ladderane core lipids as well as the intact ladderane phospholipid, in agreement with 15N-labeling experiments, which revealed anammox activity at all sites. Ladderane core lipid and intact ladderane phospholipid concentrations were significantly correlated (R2 = 0.957 and 0.464, respectively) with anammox activity over the transect of the continental shelf and slope sediments. In the Irish Sea (50-100 m water depth) highest abundances of the intact ladderane phospholipid were found in the upper 2 cm of the sediment, indicating a zone of active anammox. A sharp decline further down-core suggested a strong decrease in anammox biomass and rapid degradation of the intact lipids. In comparison, ladderane core lipids were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher in concentration than the intact ladderane phospholipid and accumulated as dead cell remnants with depth. In the slope sediments of the Celtic Sea both ladderane core lipids and the intact ladderane phospholipid were found in sediments at water depths ranging from 500 to 2000 m. Here, anammox seemed to be active at greater depths of the sediment (>2 cm). Mean abundances of both intact and core ladderane lipids in whole sediment cores increased downslope, indicating an increasing importance of anammox in deeper slope sediments. 相似文献
52.
Katharina Marger Matthieu Harlaux Andrea Rielli Lukas P. Baumgartner Andrea Dini Barbara L. Dutrow Anne‐Sophie Bouvier 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(3):593-615
Six tourmaline samples were investigated as potential reference materials (RMs) for boron isotope measurement by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The tourmaline samples are chemically homogeneous and cover a compositional range of tourmaline supergroup minerals (primarily Fe, Mg and Li end‐members). Additionally, they have homogeneous boron delta values with intermediate precision values during SIMS analyses of less than 0.6‰ (2s). These samples were compared with four established tourmaline RMs, that is, schorl IAEA‐B‐4 and three Harvard tourmalines (schorl HS#112566, dravite HS#108796 and elbaite HS#98144). They were re‐evaluated for their major element and boron delta values using the same measurement procedure as the new tourmaline samples investigated. A discrepancy of about 1.5‰ in δ11B was found between the previously published reference values for established RMs and the values determined in this study. Significant instrumental mass fractionation (IMF) of up to 8‰ in δ11B was observed for schorl–dravite–elbaite solid solutions during SIMS analysis. Using the new reference values determined in this study, the IMF of the ten tourmaline samples can be modelled by a linear combination of the chemical parameters FeO + MnO, SiO2 and F. The new tourmaline RMs, together with the four established RMs, extend the boron isotope analysis of tourmaline towards the Mg‐ and Al‐rich compositional range. Consequently, the in situ boron isotope ratio of many natural tourmalines can now be determined with an uncertainty of less than 0.8‰ (2s). 相似文献
53.
Saverio Romeo Lucio Di Matteo Laura Melelli Corrado Cencetti Walter Dragoni Andrea Fredduzzi 《Landslides》2017,14(4):1457-1465
On October 30, 2016, a seismic event and its aftershocks produced diffuse landslides along the SP 209 road in the Nera River Gorge (Central Italy). Due to the steep slopes and the outcropping of highly fractured and bedded limestone, several rockfalls were triggered, of which the main event occurred on the slope of Mount Sasso Pizzuto. The seismic shock acted on a rock wedge that, after an initial slide, developed into a rockfall. The debris accumulation blocked the SP 209 road and dammed the Nera River, forming a small lake. The river discharge was around 3.6 m3/s; the water overtopped the dam and flooded the road. By a preliminary topographic survey, we estimated that the debris accumulation covers an area of about 16,500 m2, while the volume is around 70,000 m3. The maximum volume occupied by the pre-existing talus mobilized by the rockfall is about 20% of the total volume. Besides blocking the road, the rockfall damaged a bridge severely, while, downstream of the dam, the water flow caused erosion of a road embankment. A rockfall protection gallery, a few hundred meters downstream of the dam, was damaged during the event. Other elastic nets and rigid barriers were not sufficient to protect the road from single-block rockfalls, with volumes around 1–2 m3. Considering the geological and geomorphological conditions, as well as the high seismicity and the socioeconomic importance of the area, a review of the entire rockfall protection systems is required to ensure protection of critical infrastructure and local communities. 相似文献
54.
Renza Miorandi Andrea Borsato Silvia Frisia Ian J. Fairchild Detlev K. Richter 《水文研究》2010,24(21):3101-3114
Grotta di Ernesto is a cave site well suited for palaeoclimate studies because it contains annually laminated stalagmites and was monitored from 1995 to the end of 2008 for microclimate, hydrology and hydrochemistry. Long‐term monitoring highlighted that cave drips show three different hydrological responses to rainfall and infiltration: (1) fast seasonal drips in the upper part of the cave, which are mostly fed by fractures, (2) slow seasonal drips, located at mid‐depth in the cave characterized by mixed feeding and (3) slow drips, mostly located in the deeper gallery, which are fed by seepage flow from bulk porosity with a minor fracture‐fed component. The slow drips display daily cycles during spring thaw. Monitoring also indicated that drip waters are only slightly modified by degassing within the soil zone and aquifer and by prior calcite precipitation. Hydrochemical studies show a clear seasonality in calcite saturation index, which results in most cave calcite precipitation occurring during late autumn and winter with similar amounts of precipitated calcite on most stalagmites, regardless of drip rate (discharge) differences. Drip rate, and drip rate variability, therefore, has a minor role in modulating the amount of annual calcite formation. In contrast, drip rate, when associated with moderate reduction in calcite saturation index, clearly influences stalagmite morphology. Increasing drip rate yields a passage from candle‐, to cone‐ to dome‐shaped stalagmites. Very high drip rates feed speleothems with flowstone morphology. In summary, monitoring provides information about the karst aquifer and how hydrology influences those physical and chemical characteristics of speleothems which are commonly used as climate proxies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
55.
Andrew J. Davies Gerard C.A. Duineveld Tjeerd C.E. van Weering Furu Mienis Andrea M. Quattrini Harvey E. Seim John M. Bane Steve W. Ross 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(2):199-212
The Lophelia pertusa community at Viosca Knoll (VK826) is the most extensive found to date in the Gulf of Mexico. As part of a multi-disciplinary study, the physical setting of this area was described using benthic landers, CTD transects and remotely operated vehicle observations. The site was broadly characterised into three main habitats: (1) dense coral cover that resembles biogenic reef complexes, (2) areas of sediment, and (3) authigenic carbonate blocks with sparse coral and chemosynthetic communities. The coral communities were dominated by L. pertusa but also contained numerous solitary coral species. Over areas that contained L. pertusa, the environmental conditions recorded were similar to those associated with communities in the north-eastern Atlantic, with temperature (8.5–10.6 °C) and salinity (~35) falling within the known species niche for L. pertusa. However, dissolved oxygen concentrations (2.7–2.8 ml l?1) and density (σΘ, 27.1–27.2 kg m?3) were lower and mass fluxes from sediment trap data appeared much higher (4002–4192 mg m?2 d?1). Yet, this species still appears to thrive in this region, suggesting that L. pertusa may not be as limited by lower dissolved oxygen concentrations as previously thought. The VK826 site experienced sustained eastward water flow of 10–30 cm s?1 over the 5-day measurement period but was also subjected to significant short-term variability in current velocity and direction. In addition, two processes were observed that caused variability in salinity and temperature; the first was consistent with internal waves that caused temperature variations of 0.8 °C over 5–11 h periods. The second was high-frequency variability (20–30 min periods) in temperature recorded only at the ALBEX site. A further pattern observed over the coral habitat was the presence of a 24 h diel vertical migration of zooplankton that may form part of a food chain that eventually reaches the corals. The majority of detailed studies concerning local environmental conditions in L. pertusa habitats have been conducted within the north-eastern Atlantic, limiting most knowledge of the niche of this species to a single part of an ocean basin. Data presented here show that the corals at VK826 are subjected to similar conditions in temperature, salinity, and flow velocity as their counterparts in the north-east Atlantic, although values for dissolved oxygen and density (sigma-theta: σΘ) are different. Our data also highlight novel observations of short-term environmental variability in cold-water coral habitat. 相似文献
56.
57.
Variations in the titanium isotopic ratios of various solar system materials have been reported by three laboratories. In this work we compare these data (including some new Allende inclusion values reported here) on a common basis. The data of all three groups for terrestrial samples have been found to be consistent within about ten parts per ten thousand for all ratios. The considerable disagreement in reported titanium isotopic anomalies for Allende materials has been investigated by renormalization of all published high-precision titanium isotopic ratio data to various bases in order to assess the nature, number, and loci of possible anomalies. On this basis, variations appear to be present in46Ti and47Ti, as well as in50Ti. All materials reported to date can be divided into two main groups, with the only exceptions being about 10% of Allende inclusions. All but one of the materials reported to date are interpretable as mixtures of a material similar to C-1 and varying amounts (up to about 0.5% of50Ti) of a material characterized by50Ti/46Ti?6 and46Ti?47Ti+48Ti+49Ti. Inclusion EK 1-4-1 requires a further component (up to about 0.5%46Ti) characterized by46Ti/47Ti? 1.3and47Ti?48Ti+49Ti+50Ti. 相似文献
58.
59.
Benjamin Ross Gunnar Johannson Gregory D. Foster William P. Eckel 《Hydrogeology Journal》1992,1(1):66-76
Ether derivatives of dihydroxy alcohols, which are formed from ethylene or propylene, comprise an important group of groundwater contaminants known as glycol ethers. Compounds in this group are used as solvents, cleaning agents, and emulsifiers in many chemical products and manufacturing operations. Glycol ethers have been associated with a variety of toxic effects, and some compounds in the group are relatively potent teratogens. The limited information available suggests that glycol ethers are contaminants in groundwater, especially in anaerobic plumes emanating from disposal of mixed industrial and household waste. Most methods used to analyze groundwater samples cannot adequately detect 7g/ (ppb) concentrations of glycol ethers, and the existing methods perform worst for the most widely used and toxic species. A new method capable of analyzing 7g/ concentrations of glycol ethers was recently developed, and its use is recommended for groundwater samples where glycol ethers are likely to be present. Résumé. Les éthers glycol, polluants des eaux souterraines. Les dérivés d'éther de dihydroxy-alcool, formés à partir de l'éthylène ou du propylène, constituent un important groupe de polluants des eaux souterraines connus sous le nom d'éthers glycol. Les composés de ce groupe sont utilisés comme solvants, comme agents de nettoyage et comme émulsifiants dans de nombreux produits chimiques et dans de nombreux processus de fabrication. Des effets toxiques variés ont été attribués aux éthers glycol et certains des composés sont des agents tératogènes relativement puissants. Les données disponibles, qui sont limitées, indiquent que les éthers glycol sont des polluants communs dans les eaux souterraines, particulièrement dans les panaches anaéorobies émis par les décharges mixtes de déchets industriels et domestiques. La plupart des méthodes d'analyse d'échantillons d'eau souterraine ne sont pas capables de détecter convenablement des concentrations en éthers glycol de l'ordre du 7g/l (ppb); les méthodes actuelles sont médiocres pour doser les espèces toxiques les plus courantes. Une nouvelle méthode permettant de doser des concentrations en éthers glycol de l'ordre du 7 g/l a été récemment mise au point; son utilisation est préconisée pour les échantillons d'eau souterraine contenant des éthers glycol. 相似文献
60.