关于全球变化研究的几个问题

第四纪地质工作者面临全球变化研究的形势,应主动调整自身的研究战略,注重最近0.15Ma环境信息的提取,加强地质过程的研究,重视人类活动对环境的影响,强调模型的模拟和检验。     

Zircon U–Pb Dating and Geochemistry of the Linong Granitoid and Its Relationship to Cu Mineralization in the Yangla Copper Deposit,Yunnan, China

The Yangla copper deposit (Cu reserves: 1.2 Mt) in the Jinshajiang–Lancangjiang–Nujiang region in China is spatially associated with the Linong granitoid. Zircon U–Pb dating shows the granitoid formed at 234.1 ± 1.2 to 235.6 ± 1.2 Ma, and the KT2 ore body of the deposit yields a molybdenite Re–Os model age of 230.9 ± 3.2 Ma. The ages of mineralization and crystallization of the granitoid are identical within the measurement uncertainties, suggesting the Yangla deposit is genitically related to the Indosinian Linong granitoid.     

岱海与太湖沉积物焦碳和烟炱最近200年历史对比研究

黑碳是不完全燃烧产生的一种难熔的含碳物质的连续统一体,由焦碳（char）和烟炱（soot）组成。岱海与太湖沉积物焦碳和烟炱浓度对比显示,两个湖泊焦碳浓度和通量变化受局地火事件影响,无明显的规律;  而烟炱具有相似的变化历史,主要反映在1970年代后期急剧升高,与中国工业化历史一致。烟炱粒径细小,具区域传输特点,可以通过沉积物指示大气烟炱。结合当前大气气溶胶烟炱浓度,恢复了岱海与太湖地区最近200年来的大气烟炱浓度。其变化趋势与200年来北半球温度对比显示,大气烟炱中的高浓度对应于高温,低浓度对应低温。这种历史关系进一步证实大气烟炱在全球增温中具有极其重要的作用。     

多子波分解在地震反射系数研究中的应用

反射系数反演是高分辨率地震解释的常用技术之一,广泛使用的是基于奇偶分解的谱反演技术.本文采用基于匹配追踪(Matching Pursuit,MP)的多子波分解技术,将地震信号分解成一系列包含时间、频率、振幅的子波集,然后进行井震能量标定,选定研究层段内最强能量处,将分解的振幅比例到对应的反射系数.楔形正演模型表明,该思路可以得到准确的反射系数,实际资料表明对反射系数求取相对阻抗,能准确识别气层边界,拓展了多子波分解技术的应用领域.     

东昆仑山东段北坡河流阶地发育及其与构造隆升的关系

河流系统的发育往往能反映相关地质作用的细节.对东昆仑山东段北坡众多河流阶地及其沉积物的研究表明, 该区在早更新世晚期昆仑-黄河运动之后形成的东西向盆岭相间的地貌特征奠定了早期河流为东西向外流水系的基础; 中更新世晚期以来的又一次强烈构造抬升事件———共和运动, 导致昆仑山北坡各主要河流迅速溯源侵蚀发展, 伴随河流袭夺而形成现今的水系格局; 晚更新世晚期存在一段相对较长的构造稳定期, 河谷普遍发生堆积作用, 形成分布广泛且厚度较大的晚更新世冲积层; 接近全新世以来构造运动频繁而隆升的幅度趋于减弱, 形成了5级河流阶地, 并且阶地的发育类型普遍为以高级阶地(T₅) 为基座的上叠阶地, 河流至今未能切穿晚更新世稳定期形成的厚冲积层.      

Evaluation of oxygen isotopes in carbonate as an indicator of lake evolution in arid areas: The modern Qinghai Lake, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

The oxygen isotopic composition of carbonate in lakes has been used as a useful indicator in Palaeolimnological research, and has made some important contributions to our understanding of lacustrine systems. For modern lakes in arid or cold areas, however, there are few data available to test the effect of lake salinity and temperature on the oxygen isotopic composition of various carbonate sources such as ostracod, bulk carbonate, and fine-grained carbonate (< 60 μm). Here we examined the oxygen isotopic composition of ostracods, bulk carbonate, and fine-grained carbonates, as well as that of coexisting water from Lake Qinghai and the smaller surrounding lakes and ponds on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Our investigation highlights three key effects. First, the oxygen isotopic composition of ostracods, bulk carbonate, and fine-grained carbonate in the lakes and ponds shows a clear response to lake water δ¹⁸O values, and these vary with water salinity. The relationship between lake water δ¹⁸O and salinity is not only dominated by the evaporation/freshwater input ratios, but is also controlled by the distance to the mouth of the major rivers supplying to the lake. Second, the ostracod, bulk carbonate, and fine-grained carbonate show similar isotopic change trends in the study area, and oxygen isotopic differences between ostracods and authigenic carbonate may be explained by the different water temperatures and very small ‘vital offsets’ of ostracods. Finally, the effect of water depth on temperature leads to increasing δ¹⁸O values in carbonates as water depth increases, both in benthic ostracods living on the lake bottom, as well as in bulk carbonate precipitated at the water surface.For arid, high-altitude Lake Qinghai, our results suggest that variations in the δ¹⁸O values of carbonate in Lake Qinghai are mainly controlled by the oxygen-isotope ratio of the lake water changing with water salinity. As a secondary effect, increasing water depth leads to cooler bottom and surface water, which may result in more positive δ¹⁸O values of ostracod and bulk carbonate.     

水泥—丙烯酸盐复合浆液的实验性研究

水泥-丙烯酸盐复合浆液是在丙烯酸盐浆液的基础上研制出来的一种复合浆液，它既保留了丙烯酸盐浆液流动性好，固结体弹性好的优点，又大幅度地提高了浆液的抗压强度和粘结强度，因此在注浆时可以带来良好的综合灌注效果，还对复合浆液的粘度和强度进行了试验性研究。     

高温超高压下Ni40Mn30Fe30与叶蜡石反应的研究

本文对Ｎｉ４０Ｍｎ３０Ｆｅ３０合金与在不同焙烧温度下得到的含水叶蜡，在高温超高压下的反应进行了实验研究，温度测至１４２０℃，压是至５．５ＧＰａ，研究了该反应的物质－化学机制，以及反应速率与温度，压力，含水量等参数的关系，对高压下物质迁移运动的固有特征进行了探讨。     

渭南黄土沉积中十五万年来的古土壤及其形成时的古环境

关中盆地渭南地区十五万年来的黄土剖面记载了６个大的成壤期。本文对古土壤形成时的古环境进行了解译,并对它们在不同分类系统中的位置进行评价。全新世土壤Ｓ０是联合国土壤分类中的淋溶湿草原土。马兰黄土中包含两层古土壤,属典型黑钙土。Ｓ１古土壤由三层土壤复合组成,从上到下依次为典型黑钙土、淋溶湿草原土和深色淋溶土。成壤期与全球冰量较小的时期相对应,但古土壤的类型及发育程度与深海氧同位素所推测的全球冰量的变化有很大的不一致性,相反许多方面与北半球夏季太阳辐射的变化有较大的可比性。     

Model Test Study on Ice-Induced Vibrations of Compliant Multi-Cone Structures

For the study on the ice-induced vibration of a compliant mono-cone structure,a series of model tests were performed from 2004 to 2006.In these tests,the ice sheet before the compliant conical structure was found to be failed in two-time breaking.Based on this important finding,model tests study of the ice force on a compliant multi-cone structure were performed from 2006 to 2007.in these tests,the ice sheet broke before each single cone non-simultaneously.The exciting energy of the total ice force was found to be in a wide range of frequencies,and the structure can be easily excited with nonlinear resonance.