小型化体积式钻孔应变仪

给出了液压型小型化体积式钻孔应变仪优化设计中的计算式，并介绍了该应变仪ＴＪ－２型和ＴＪ－３型仪器的结构和特点。     

农业气象与我国热区名特优水果生产

龙眼、荔枝和果是我国热带、南亚热带（简称热区）名特优水果．这些水果的花芽分化、开花座果对气象条件要求较严格。本文在分析龙眼、荔枝和果的主要气候生态特性的基础上，结合有关省区的气候资料，作出龙眼、荔枝和果生产的布局区划。     

佛山市旅游信息系统开发

基于地理信息系统和多媒体集成的旅游信息系统开发模式可以融合GIS软件和多媒体软件二者的优点，在实践应用中有巨大的推广应用价值。文中从理论上探讨了GIS库中多媒体信息的链接和表达问题，以关系数据库为核心，把多媒体文件名信息存储在信息系统属库，依靠多媒体字段实现多媒体数据与地理信息系统图形和属性的关联，实现查询的基本概念。以此思路，佛山科技学院GIS技术实验室利用VB进行GIS和多媒体二次开发，成功地完成了佛山旅游信息系统的设计和开发。     

Effect of dry density on the liquefaction behaviour of Quaternary silt

Quaternary silt is widely distributed in China and easily liquefies during earthquakes. To identify the influence of the dry density on the liquefaction behaviour of Quaternary silt, 40 cyclic triaxial liquefaction tests were performed on loose silt (dry density ρ_d=1.460 g/cm³) and dense silt (ρ_d=1.586 g/cm³) under different cyclic stress ratios (CSRs) to obtain liquefaction assessment criteria, determine the liquefaction resistance, improve the excess pore water pressure (EPWP) growth model and clarify the relationship between the shear modulus and damping ratio. The results indicate that the initial liquefaction assessment criteria for the loose and dense silts are a double-amplitude axial strain of 5% and an EPWP ratio of 1. The increase in the anti-liquefaction ability for the dense silt is more significant under lower confining pressures. The CSR of loose silt falls well within the results of the sandy silt and Fraser River silt, and the dense silt exhibits a higher liquefaction resistance than the sand-silt mixture. The relationships between the CSR and loading cycles were obtained at a failure strain of 1%. The EPWP development in the dense and loose silts complies with the “fast-stable” and “fast-gentle-sharp” growth modes, respectively. The power function model can effectively describe the EPWP growth characteristics of the dense silt. Finally, based on the liquefaction behaviour of silt, a suggestion for reinforcing silt slopes or foundations is proposed.     

Process and Contextual Factors Supporting Action-Oriented Learning: A Thematic Synthesis of Empirical Literature in Natural Resource Management

Despite a long-term focus on learning in natural resource management (NRM), it is still debated how learning supports sustainable real-world NRM practices. We offer a qualitative in-depth synthesis of selected scientific empirical literature (N?=?53), which explores factors affecting action-oriented learning. We inductively identify eight key process-based and contextual factors discussed in this literature. Three patterns emerge from our results. First, the literature discusses both facilitated participation and self-organized collaboration as dialogical spaces, which bridge interests and support constructive conflict management. Second, the literature suggests practice-based dialogs as those best able to facilitate action and puts a strong emphasis on experimentation. Finally, not emphasized in existing reviews and syntheses, we found multiple evidence about certain contextual factors affecting learning, including social-ecological crises, complexity, and power structures. Our review also points at important knowledge gaps, which can be used to advance the current research agenda about learning and NRM.     

大城市郊区村域土地利用功能演变及其对乡村振兴的启示——以成都市江家堰村为例

村域是我国农村社会经济活动的基本单元,村域土地利用功能的合理发挥对于实现乡村振兴多元目标具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文首先对村域土地利用功能变化及影响机制进行了理论探究,然后以成都市郊区江家堰村为例,定量揭示了其发展转型过程中的土地利用功能变化、影响机制,提出了土地多功能利用助推乡村振兴途径。结果表明：① 土地利用功能因土地利用类型和土地利用方式变更发生变化,并受自然资源禀赋、社会经济条件、区域政策等间接影响,不同类型乡村其土地利用功能变化趋势往往不同;② 江家堰村经历了乡村旅游发展阶段、土地综合整治和生态建设阶段,其土地利用功能变化主要表现为生产功能转化为生产-生态复合功能,生活功能转化为生产-生活复合功能,土地利用功能呈现多元化和复合化特征;③ 大城市郊区乡村土地利用功能变化受自然因素、区位条件、产业转型、区域政策及土地利用主体等因素的综合影响。乡村振兴过程中,应充分发挥土地利用的多功能属性,促进乡村价值提升。     

生计风险及其对重点生态功能区农户生活满意度的影响

基于甘南黄河水源补给区入户调查数据,在分析农户生计风险及生活满意度特征的基础上,探明生计风险对农户生活满意度的影响。结果发现：① 甘南黄河水源补给区农户面临的主要生计风险为自然灾害、家人患病和子女学费开支,其对农户的冲击最为严重且持续时间较长;② 农户大多遭受多重风险的冲击,其生计风险多样化指数为4.12,面临家人患病与自然灾害、家人患病与子女学费开支、家人患病与建房开支等风险组合冲击的家庭较多;③ 农户的生活满意度处于中等水平,且经济示范区高于重点保护区和恢复治理区;④ 农户生活满意度除受子女学费开支、草场/耕地质量下降、人畜饮水困难、家人去世开支、生态政策等风险的严重程度和持续时间、家人患病风险的持续时间以及金融资本、自然资本、社会资本、心理资本、生计方式多样化程度的影响外,受家人患病与子女学费开支、自然灾害与子女就业困难及生计风险的综合严重性程度与综合持续性程度交互作用的影响更加显著。最后,提出防范生计风险、提高生活满意度的政策建议。     

Geometry styles and quantification of inversion structures in the Jiyang depression,Bohai Bay Basin,eastern China

Inversion structures of Jiyang depression evolved during Mesozoic and Cenozoic are classified into positive and negative inversion geometry styles. The geometry styles of the reactivated faults in the study area are attributed to their multi-phase history, which includes at least four phases of compressive deformation and subsequent subsidence caused by extensional reactivation of faults since Mesozoic.     

链式海底地震仪节点结构设计与试验

海底地震仪是一种重要的海洋地震观测设备。针对中国近岸浅海洋流噪声大和人类活动频繁的特点,提出链式地震观测方式并对链式海底地震仪节点进行机械结构设计。首先根据内部构件尺寸与布局对地震仪节点整体结构进行设计;然后通过理论计算与有限元仿真方式确定地震仪节点仓体的壳体厚度、端盖厚度和密封尺寸;最后通过压力试验验证所设计的地震仪节点结构的耐压和水密性能符合要求,通过地震观测对比试验验证其接收天然地震的能力。此链式海底地震仪未来将应用于浙江近海的实际地震观测,提供实时连续的地震观测数据。     

基于随机森林模型的GRACE数据3种空间降尺度对比

陆地水储量是赋存在陆地上各种形式水的综合体现,研究其时空变化对认识区域水循环过程和水资源调控等具有重要意义。然而现有陆地水储量变化数据实际分辨率较低,限制了其在中小流域或地区中的应用。针对这一问题,本文基于GRACE重力卫星和其后续卫星GRACE-FO反演的陆地水储量变化数据,首先采用随机森林模型,分别基于格点、区域(流域)和区域(全国)3种空间降尺度思路将GRACE数据降尺度至0.25°×0.25°,后结合GLDAS模型数据,基于水量平衡原理计算得到地下水储量变化数据,最后基于降尺度模型模拟效果和实测地下水位数据评估3种降尺度思路在全国的适用性。结果表明:随机森林模型能够较好地模拟驱动数据(降水、气温、植被条件指数和土壤水储量)与GRACE数据的统计关系,验证期格点降尺度思路的平均相关系数总体在0.6左右,区域降尺度思路的平均纳什效率系数、相关系数和均方根误差分别>0.5、>0.75和<6.6 cm,3种空间降尺度思路的模拟精度均满足基本要求;2003—2021年间,GRACE数据、格点降尺度、区域降尺度(流域)和区域降尺度(全国)得到的我国陆地水储量亏缺量分别约为...