2004—07—16河南大暴雨过程的湿位涡分析

应用湿位涡理论,分析了2004年7月16~17日的强暴雨个例,发现有利于强降水发生的湿位涡场分布特征:对流低层MPV1<0、同时MPV2>0,有利于强降水发生。暴雨发生时,对流高层表现对流稳定,即MPV1>0,低层MPV1<0,为湿对流不稳定区;当两者相互作用时,即当高层干冷空气下滑与上升的低空高温高湿的空气交汇,容易储存和释放对流不稳定能量,利于暴雨的发生。低层西南急流不仅为暴雨的发生提供了丰沛的水汽,也为暴雨的发生提供了足够的热力和动力,因而使MPV2增大,垂直涡度得到发展,降水加剧。湿位涡在夏季可以作为河南省预报暴雨的一个有效辅助工具。     

2002年河南6次高温天气过程对比分析

从形势场、要素场和数值预报产品等方面,对2002年河南省6次区域性高温天气过程进行对比分析,找出了影响系统的若干特征及河南高温天气过程预报信息。     

基于家庭消费视角的广州城市社区碳排放空间差异研究

从家庭消费视角,通过对广州3个不同区位类型社区的问卷调查,从交通出行、家庭能耗、垃圾消耗3个方面分析其碳排放的特征,并对不同社区的碳排放的差异进行比较研究.研究发现:郊区社区家庭碳排放量最高,城乡结合部家庭碳排放最低,市区社区家庭碳排放量居中,社区用电的碳排放量最高,最后分析了这种差异形成的原因.     

空气焓差法试验装置的设计和布置

探讨了采用焓差法测定空调器制冷或制热量的试验装置的布置设计 ,该套装置适用于测试制冷量为 12 5 0～ 15 0 0 0W的空调装置。     

基于GPS的“雪龙”船冲击式破冰模式识别研究

"雪龙"号破冰船是我国目前唯一的极地考察船,破冰航行是极地船舶的重要特征之一。以"雪龙"号破冰船的GPS数据为基础,通过建立模型算法识别冲击式破冰这一特殊的航行状态,在整个中国第28次南极考察航次的数据分析中,整体识别率超过86.1%,识别正确率达到98%以上。利用此算法,在中国第27次南极考察航次的破冰识别率也超过85%,识别正确率达到93.5%。雪龙船两个航次实测GPS数据验证了本文算法的可用性,而破冰识别统计结果表明,不同航次的破冰模式具有较大的差异。     

合肥市商业地价驱动因素的空间非平稳性分析

基于微观因素的视角,对合肥市商业地价的空间格局、空间异质性进行空间插值和回归分析,研究发现： ① 商业地价空间格局呈现多中心的结构,峰值区集中分布在城市中心,低值区分布在二环线以外的地区;② GWR模型能清晰地反映出各因素对地价影响力的空间差异,容积率、交通站点、CBD和公园是研究区商业地价的关键驱动因素;③ 较之外在因素,内在因素对商业地价的边际作用效率较大,其中尤以容积率最为突出;④ 相较于欠发达地区,容积率在高度发达的区域对地价的正向效应更为显著,而交通站点和CBD对地价的作用正好相反。商业开发更愿意为小型公园支付更高的价格。     

黑龙江省土地压力状态及其可持续利用途径

土地是承载粮食生产、经济发展和生态环境建设的基石,面对生产技术进步和人类对土地的大强度开发,有限的土地正承受着前所未有的压力.科学地测度土地的压力状态,是合理制定区域土地可持续利用管理的重要依据.从粮食生产、经济发展和生态环境安全三方面,探讨了黑龙江省土地的压力状态测度方法及其压力状态的空间分布格局与成因机理.结果表明:黑龙江省土地压力的各项指标具有明显的空间梯度分异规律,土地综合压力指数自西向东逐渐由高到低分布,耕地压力指数由北向南从低到高,建设用地沿西北-东南轴线方向逐渐减小,并在这一轴线的两翼向西南和东北方向逐渐降低,生态用地压力呈面状和团粒状分布格局.     

鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾油田致密砂岩长8储层特征及沉积相研究

利用扫描电镜、铸体薄片等多种方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾油田长8油层组低孔低渗的致密砂岩储层的储层特征和沉积相进行综合分析研究,发现该地区砂岩类型主要有细粒岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,孔隙度和渗透率分别为3.9%%~11%和(0.04~0.55)×10-3μm2。研究区主要成岩作用包括压实作用、压溶作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用、交代作用。通过对镇泾区块沉积储层形成的沉积相的研究,查明该区广泛发育三角洲相,进一步可划分为水下分流河道、水下天然堤、水下决口扇、水下分流间湾、河口坝等5种微相。上述研究为镇径油田长8段储层的研究和预测提供了理论依据。     

An analytical model for multiple fractured shale gas wells considering fracture networks and dynamic gas properties

Multi-stage fractured horizontal wells play an important role in developing shale gas reservoirs by significantly improving productivity. By considering fracture networks, gas desorption, stress-sensitive fracture permeability, and pressure-dependent gas PVT properties, an analytical model is developed for shale gas wells. Fracture networks are handled based on transient linear flow, gas desorption is handled by defining a new total compressibility, stress-dependent hydraulic fracture permeability is handled by variable substitution, and pseudo-pressure and pseudo-time are used to handle pressure-dependent PVT properties. After obtaining the solution of the linearized model, a material balance method and successive substitution iteration procedure are proposed to convert the pseudo-time into real time and calculate the production contribution from gas desorption. The results show that induced fractures also have a great impact on the production of the well. Production contribution from free gas and adsorbed gas could be quantified using the proposed material balance principle and iterative method. The rank of parameters that influence the ultimate recovery is the following: half-length of hydraulic fracture, induced fracture length/hydraulic fracture spacing, hydraulic fracture spacing, conductivity of induced fractures, conductivity of hydraulic fracture, and induced fracture spacing.     

An approach to extracting surface supply relationships between glaciers and lakes on the Tibetan Plateau

Surface supply relationships between glaciers and lakes are needed to analyze and understand hydrological processes at regional and global scales. However, these supply relationships still cannot be extracted efficiently by existing methods. This paper proposes an automatic and efficient approach to extracting surface supply relationships between glaciers and lakes based on meltwater flow paths. The approach includes two stages: (1) identifying direct connections between objects (i.e. glaciers and lakes) based on flow direction derived from digital terrain analysis on a gridded digital elevation model (DEM) and (2) deriving all (or user-specified) kinds of surface supply relationships based on graph search. All computation-intensive steps in this approach have been parallelized; and all steps in the proposed approach have been integrated as an automatic program. Results for the Tibetan Plateau show that given outline data for glaciers and lakes and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission DEM, the proposed approach can automatically derive diverse surface supply relationships under user-specified restrictions on the attributes of the supply route. The parallelization in the approach effectively improves the computing efficiency. The proposed approach could also be applied to developing a detailed fundamental dataset of supply relationships between glaciers and lakes for other region or period.