The behavior of deep convective clouds over the warm pool and connection to the Walker circulation

As the deep convective clouds (DCCs) over the western Pacific and Indian Ocean warm pool may play different roles in the climate system, variations in DCC properties over these two sectors are investigated and compared. The DCC intensity and area varies more significantly in the Indian Ocean than the western Pacific sector, while the DCC frequency is comparable in both sectors at the seasonal scale. Although the Indian Ocean sector is strongly dominated by the seasonal evolution, the interannual variations in the two sectors are comparable for all three DCC properties (frequency, intensity, and area). Besides, Walker circulation is closely correlated with the interannual variability of DCCs in both sectors. The Walker circulation strengthens (weakens) as the DCCs shift eastward (westward) over the Indian Ocean sector and westward (eastward) over the western Pacific sector. When more or stronger DCCs occur over the Indian Ocean sector (western Pacific sector), the Walker circulation becomes stronger (weaker) and shifts westward (eastward). Interestingly, the response of the Walker circulation to DCC variability over the warm pool is asymmetry. The asymmetry response of the Walker circulation to the negative and positive DCC anomaly may be related to the non-linearity internal variability of the atmosphere. DCCs over the Indian Ocean sector have a much weaker nonlinear correlation with the Walker circulation than DCCs over the western Pacific sector.     

Stone cover and slope factors influencing hillside surface runoff and infiltration: laboratory investigation

In this study, laboratory rainfall simulation in an extensive area was used to study the infiltration, and interception and storage from surface runoff in points with different stone cover percentages (0, 10, 20 and 30%) and slopes (5°, 10° and 20°). The experimental results of this study showed that the interrelationships among the slope, stone cover percentage, groundwater level, surface runoff amount, and interception and storage of the ponds were varied and irregular. No systematic patterns were detected for the change in the groundwater level, surface runoff amount, and interception and storage of the ponds with different stone cover percentages at different slopes and no threshold values were apparent. For a 5° slope, if the stone cover percentage was increased, the amount of surface runoff was reduced, the infiltration and the groundwater level experienced no significant change, and the interception and storage of the ponds increased. For a 10° slope, if the stone cover percentage was increased, the amount of surface runoff increased, the infiltration decreased, the groundwater level experienced no significant change or decreased slightly at certain points, and the interception and storage of the ponds increased. For a 20° slope, if the stone cover percentage was increased, the amount of runoff increased, the infiltration decreased, the groundwater level experienced no significant change or decreased slightly at certain points, and the interception and storage of the ponds increased. With or without stone cover, when the hydraulic conductivity of the top material is close to that of fine sand or laterite, an increase in the slope gradient decreased the amount of surface runoff and increased the storage amount of the ponds. As for the stone distribution, an interlaced style showed better performance in the interception and storage of ponds than that of a regular style. There was no significant change in the groundwater level. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大连石庙鲍育苗池冬!春季底栖藻类组成初探

对大连石庙鲍育苗池冬,春季底栖藻类的组成作了调研,共发现藻类５７种（含变种）,其中有２４种及变种为辽宁省新记录。藻类组成有如下特点：硅藻种类比较丰富;冬、春季藻类群落组成有一定的主次,演替表现十分明显,种类的重现率不高。     

基于SAR极化比和纹理特征的海面溢油识别方法

针对海洋表面SAR影像的特点,采用基于灰度共生矩阵的纹理特征方法是提取海面溢油信息的常用方法,但实际海洋表面复杂的信息使得SAR图像上产生类似溢油现象的暗斑区域,这导致在利用纹理特征方法提取溢油信息时存在虚警率,降低了溢油信息的提取精度。基于RADARSAT-2 SAR四极化影像,本文提出基于SAR极化比影像的纹理特征识别方法对海面油膜进行识别提取。结果显示,基于SAR极化比影像的纹理特征识别方法可以有效且准确地提取海面溢油信息,相比于VV极化影像的纹理特征识别方法,溢油监测过程中的虚警率降低了17.96%,溢油监测总体精度达到96.83%。     

20世纪全球海洋的开发

人类开发海洋已有几千年的历史了,早期的海洋开发活动仅局限于“兴海盐之利,行舟揖之便”。20世纪60年代开始,海洋开发进入了一个新的发展时期,标志着现代海洋开发阶段的到来。80年代以来,海洋开发更加依靠高新技术,从而进入了新技术革命的新阶段。90年代海洋则进入了全面开发利用和管理海洋的新时期,1990年以来的历次联合国大会都把开发海洋和管理海洋提到了从未有过的高度。     

A quasistatic analysis of a plate on consolidating layered soils by analytical layer‐element/finite element method coupling

In this paper, a coupling method between finite element and analytical layer‐elements is utilized to analyze the time‐dependent behavior of a plate of any shape and finite rigidity resting on layered saturated soils. Based on the integral transform techniques together with the aid of an order reduction method, an analytical layer‐element solution is derived from the governing equations for three‐dimensional Biot consolidation with respect to a Cartesian coordinate system and then extended to be the fundamental solution for the layered saturated soil under a point load. The Mindlin plate is modeled by eight‐noded isoparametric elements. The governing equations of the interaction between soil and plate in the Laplace‐Fourier transformed domain are deduced by referring to the coupling theory of FEM/BEM, and the final solution is obtained by applying numerical inversion. Numerical examples concerned with the time‐dependent response of a plate are performed to demonstrate the influence of soil and plate properties on the interaction process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Problems related to single gully debris flow assessment models

Natural Hazards - In recent years, various models for single gully debris flow assessment have been proposed. Due to various factors affecting the mechanisms of debris flows, these models face many...     

Three-dimensional elastic–viscoplastic consolidation behavior of transversely isotropic saturated soils

Acta Geotechnica - This paper investigates three-dimensional elastic–viscoplastic consolidation behaviors of transversely isotropic saturated soils. The Drucker–Prager yield criterion...     

基于Android和iOS的极地移动信息平台设计与开发

以智能手机为载体的移动互联网迅速发展,其中Android(安卓)和i OS(苹果移动操作系统)占绝大多数。本文以Android和i OS为开发平台,设计实现了中国南北极考察数据浏览与互动的移动信息平台——掌上两极。该平台已通过专家评审并在苹果应用商店和安卓市场正式发布,为极地管理部门、科研人员和社会公众便捷、快速获取极地相关信息提供了新的通道。     

盆地原型序列研究的思路与方法:以东秦岭—大别及其两侧盆地为例

现今盆地的复杂结构是不同历史阶段原型并列与叠加的组合。恢复盆地的原型演化序列是推测成烃成藏过程和油气藏分布的有效途径。在论述TSM盆地原型序列研究思路与方法的基础上,厘定了造山带古海洋恢复、陆内构造变形分析、盆地原型系列编图、盆地动态模拟4项配套关键技术;并以东秦岭—大别及邻区新元古代—早古生代盆地为例,明确了古中国洋的扩张以及向北的俯冲消亡和碰撞决定华北与扬子早古生代陆缘两侧经历了不同原型演化的过程。华北陆块南侧会聚陆缘的叠加转化造成两侧前泥盆系油气成藏物质的迥异分布,中、新生代以来原型更迭表现为多期构造改造与盆地叠加导致烃源热演化地区分异与多种油气成藏富集类型共存。由此表明,改造型盆地的油气地质评价立足盆地原型序列分析是可行和必要的,可从整体把握原型控制下烃源岩分布和叠加过程的油气成藏响应。