江西雅山黄玉锂云母花岗岩中铯矿物的电子探针研究

江西宜春雅山花岗岩是典型的高度分异型稀有金属花岗岩。通过对其最晚期花岗岩———黄玉锂云母花岗岩的钻孔样品和近地表样品的研究,发现岩体中主要有两种铯矿物:铯沸石和富铯锂云母。铯沸石是第一次在花岗岩中发现,其产状主要有两类:一类包裹于石英中,颗粒小,只有2～10μm,单个颗粒成分均匀,Si/Al比值和Poll值(%)犤=100×Cs/(Na+K+Rb+Cs)犦分别为2.13～2.65和57～89;另一类赋存于钠长石晶隙间,颗粒大,多为几百μm,单个颗粒成分不均匀,Si/Al比值和Poll值分别为2.20～2.45和75.6～88.2。富铯的云母类矿物分布较普遍,主要呈四种产状,分别为钾长石雪球中的带状富铯锂云母、云母边部的环边富铯云母、叶脉纹理状富铯云母和主矿物中的富铯云母包裹体,并根据成分中Si/Al比值和Cs的摩尔分数(%)犤=100×Cs/(Cs+K)犦,将富铯的云母类矿物分为含铯锂云母、富铯锂云母和铯锂云母三类,其中Cs替代K,Cs完全替代K形成的铯锂云母可能是锂云母系列中的铯端员新矿物。钻孔样品中的富铯云母类矿物以带状结构和环边结构最为发育,且成分主要属于含铯锂云母和富铯锂云母这两个部分,而近地表样品中则以环边结构和叶脉纹理状结构为特征,成分多为铯锂云母。铯沸石和富铯云母的产状及地球化学特征均表明,雅山岩体原始岩浆中碱金属经     

华南一次暴雨过程的中尺度结构

利用合成分析方法检验了一次华南暴雨的三维气象要素场的分布。发现一个具有微冷锋特徵的辐合线是造成这次暴雨的主要中系统。在低层,暴雨区的后部存在着弱下沉气流,并导致了一个相应的低层冷区和地面弱流出辐散气流。中、高层是一中尺度暖区。暴雨区介于天气尺度高、低空急流之间,并且有向着最大上升区移动的趋势。      

关于管式透空直立式防波堤的研究和应用进展

对管式透空直立式防波堤国内外的研究和应用作了介绍,分析了我国的研究和应用实践。     

南极格罗夫山核心区冰下地形测绘

格罗夫山地区位于中山站和冰穹A之间,是中国进行南极内陆科学综合考察的重点区。我们先后组织过5次格罗夫山地区的考察工作,开展了地质构造、古气候环境、陨石、冰盖运动监测、基础测绘和气象观测等多学科考察研究。2010年中国第26次南极科学考察期间,格罗夫山考察队利用专业探地雷达对格罗夫山东部核心区进行了冰下地形测绘工作。本文利用野外采集的测量数据(GPS/GPR数据),经数据处理后,利用专业的制图软件Corel Draw首次绘制出了格罗夫山核心区两幅冰下地形图,初步揭开了这一区域冰原岛峰冰下的地貌形态,对于今后研究整个格罗夫山地区真实的基岩地貌和可能存在的上新世古冰下沉积盆地具有探索性意义。本文还对哈丁山-萨哈罗夫岭间横截面进行分析,发现这两个冰原岛峰之间的槽谷形态已经发育成熟。     

21世纪黄河水资源可持续利用对策研究

作为我国西北和华北重要水源的黄河，如何在新世纪搞好水资源可持续利用，是社会各界十分关注的问题，文章在对黄河水资源基本特性分析的基础上，研究了水资源开发利用现状与21世纪面临的问题，最后有针对性地提出了3点对策，即以可持续战略为原则，实施统一调度；建立节水型体系；加强水资源的管理等。     

Spatial co-location pattern mining of facility points-of-interest improved by network neighborhood and distance decay effects

The aim of mining spatial co-location patterns is to find the corresponding subsets of spatial features that have strong spatial correlation in the real world. This is an important technology for the extraction and comprehension of implicit knowledge in large spatial databases. However, existing methods of co-location mining consider events as taking place in a homogeneous and isotropic context in Euclidean space, whereas the physical movement in an urban space is usually constrained by a road network. Furthermore, previous works do not take the ‘distance decay effect’ of spatial interactions into account, which may reduce the effectiveness of the result. Here we propose an improved spatial co-location pattern mining method, including the network-constrained neighborhood and addition of a distance-decay function, to find the spatial dependence between network phenomena (e.g. urban facilities). The underlying idea is to utilize a model function in the interest measure calculation to weight the contribution of a co-location to the overall interest measure instance inversely proportional to the separation distance. Our approach was evaluated through extensive experiments using facility points-of-interest data sets. The results show that the network-constrained approach is a more effective method than the traditional one in network-structured space. The proposed approach can also be applied to other human activities (e.g. traffic accidents) constrained by a street network.     

Automated evaluation of building alignments in generalized maps

Evaluation is a key step to examine the quality of generalized maps with respect to map requirements. Map generalization facilitates the recognition of pattern generating processes by preserving and highlighting the patterns at smaller scales. This article focuses specifically on the evaluation of building patterns in topographic maps that are generalized from large to mid scales. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge and functionality on automatically evaluating how these patterns are generalized. The issues of the evaluation range from missing formal map requirements on building alignments to missing automated evaluation techniques. This article firstly analyses the requirements (constraints) related to the generalization of building alignments. Then, it focuses on three more specific constraints, i.e. on existence, orientation of alignments and spatial distribution of composing buildings. Later, a three-step approach is proposed to (1) recognize and (2) match alignments from source and generalized datasets and (3) evaluate building alignments in generalized datasets. Besides, many-to-many and partial matching between initial and target alignments is a side effect of generalization, which reduces the reliability of the evaluation results. This article introduces a confidence indicator to document the reliability and to inform intended users (e.g. cartographers) and/or systems about the reliability of evaluation decisions. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated by evaluating the alignments in both interactively (manually) generalized maps and automated generalized maps. Finally, we discuss how our approach can be used to control automated generalization and identify further improvements.     

基于GPS的北极冰川表面地形测量与制图

自2005年以来,我国科考队员利用双频GPS在北极黄河站附近的Austre Lovénbreen 和 Pedersenbreen两条冰川上每年一次开展高精度的冰川运动观测,获取了冰川表面监测标杆的精确位置和运动速度。2009年4月,我国考察队员在这两条冰川上开展了密集的GPS点位数据采集,藉此开展北极两条冰川的冰面地形测量。在分析单频GPS动态单点定位数据用于冰面地形测量的可行性基础上,经过平差计算获得了两条冰川的冰面地形数据,进而生成冰面DEM和等高线,制作冰面地形图。经与高精度控制点比较,冰面DEM高程的误差为0.78m,在冰川季节性高程波动和年消融的变化范围之内。由于SMART-V1型GPS设备是当前冰川研究工作中应用较多的pulseEKKO型探地雷达配套的一个重要部件,本文的结论对于同类仪器开展冰川测量工作具有参考价值,对基于高密度的GPS动态单点定位测量方法用于冰面地形测量的数据处理具有指导意义。     

我国森林资源的保护和合理开发利用

40年来,特别是近10年来,我国森林面积有所增加。这对保护生态环境、支援经济建设、改善群众生活起着重要的作用。但发展很不平衡,有些林区森林质量下降严重,问题不少。为改变这种局面,要采取十项措施。     

氯同位素质谱法测定进展

主要总结了测定氯同位素比值的四种质谱法 :由电子轰击产生的基于HCl+离子的气体质谱法、基于CH3 Cl+离子的气体质谱法、基于Cl-离子负热电离质谱法 (NTIMS)和基于Cs2 Cl+离子正热电离质谱法(PTIMS)。并分析了使用这四种方法测定氯同位素时处理含氯样品和使用仪器测定样品氯同位素的方法及其优缺点 ,对测定结果的精度进行了比较 ,最后对测定氯同位素发展前景进行了展望。