Spectral Variability of FSRQs

The optical variability of 29 flat spectrum radio quasars in SDSS Stripe 82 region are investigated by using DR7 released multi-epoch data. All FSRQs show variations with overall amplitude ranging from 0.24 mag to 3.46 mag in different sources. About half of FSRQs show a bluer-when-brighter trend, which is commonly observed for blazars. However, only one source shows a redder-when-brighter trend, which implies it is rare in FSRQs. In this source, the thermal emission may be responsible for the spectral behaviour.     

红黏土承载比的土团尺寸效应研究

高液限红黏土用于路基填筑时,因其不良的水理特性,需要掺石灰或水泥改良。但红黏土成团现象十分突出,进行灰土拌和时不易达到均匀状态,影响预期改良效果。通过对不同直径的红黏土土团及石灰改良土土团进行承载比试验,结果表明：干密度随着土团直径尺寸的增大呈现先增大后减小的特征,红黏土和石灰土的最大干密度对应的土团直径处在0.2～ 5 mm范围内;而最大承载比CBR值对应的土团直径分别处在5～10 mm和2～5 mm的范围内。石灰土和红黏土的吸水率、膨胀率均随着土团尺寸的增大,呈现先减小后增大的整体变化趋势。在2～10 mm的范围内,两种土的膨胀量最小。石灰改良只对直径小于5 mm的土团的膨胀特性起到明显的抑制作用。可见,现场施工中严格控制土团的大小对保证土体的强度和水稳定性具有十分重要的意义。     

"5·12"汶川地震堰塞湖应急处置措施的讨论——以唐家山堰塞湖为例

堰塞湖是地震诱发的次生灾害类型之一.唐家山堰塞湖是"5·12"汶川地震造成的规模最大、潜在威胁最严重的堰塞湖,水利部组织了唐家山堰塞湖应急处置,成功降低了该堰塞湖风险,未造成新的人员伤亡.从该堰塞湖溢流的流量过程曲线和对北川县城的影响来看,还有值得改进的地方.经初步分析,提出改进措施:1.变梯形过流断面为复式断面;2.增大设计纵比降;3.保护泄流槽的进、出口,控制沟道下切速度;4.抛掷人工结构体控制沟床下切速度.为了避免自然排泄的不利影响,提出"人工可控排泄"处理堰塞湖.希望这些措施在以后类似堰塞湖应急处置中能够被参考,最大限度减少灾害损失,减少防灾减灾的社会、经济成本.     

Automated building generalization based on urban morphology and Gestalt theory

Building generalization is a difficult operation due to the complexity of the spatial distribution of buildings and for reasons of spatial recognition. In this study, building generalization is decomposed into two steps, i.e. building grouping and generalization execution. The neighbourhood model in urban morphology provides global constraints for guiding the global partitioning of building sets on the whole map by means of roads and rivers, by which enclaves, blocks, superblocks or neighbourhoods are formed; whereas the local constraints from Gestalt principles provide criteria for the further grouping of enclaves, blocks, superblocks and/or neighbourhoods. In the grouping process, graph theory, Delaunay triangulation and the Voronoi diagram are employed as supporting techniques. After grouping, some useful information, such as the sum of the building's area, the mean separation and the standard deviation of the separation of buildings, is attached to each group. By means of the attached information, an appropriate operation is selected to generalize the corresponding groups. Indeed, the methodology described brings together a number of well-developed theories/techniques, including graph theory, Delaunay triangulation, the Voronoi diagram, urban morphology and Gestalt theory, in such a way that multiscale products can be derived.     

Detection and correction of inconsistencies between river networks and contour data by spatial constraint knowledge

In the representation of topographic data, the distribution of hydrographic networks should be constrained by the contour model’s landform features. During the integration of topographic databases, however, spatial conflicts may destroy these constraints, generating inconsistencies. This study presents a method to detect and correct inconsistencies between river networks and contour data by spatial knowledge. First, structured terrain features are extracted from the contour-based geometric representation and matching relationships between rivers and contours are constructed based on spatial knowledge of the distribution of rivers and talwegs. We then propose a distance metric for measuring differences and identifying inconsistencies between the matched river and contour features. Three correction approaches are provided for different inconsistency situations, including river adjustment referenced to the contour, contour adjustment referenced to the river and adjustment of both river and contour to middle positions. We apply the proposed method to the integration and maintenance of national topographic infrastructure in order to demonstrate its effectiveness.     

高层隔震结构扭转分析

为研究高层隔震结构在地震作用下的扭转效应,用Etabs软件建立1个高层抗震结构和4个具有不同扭转特性的高层隔震结构的空间模型进行地震响应分析,以验证此原则上部结构质量中心与隔震层刚度中心的重合与否对结构扭转效应的影响程度,而后考察偏心高层隔震结构在偶然偏心地震作用下结构的扭转效应。结果表明:由于地震作用的减小,扭转效应要远小于原抗震结构,且隔震本身对于结构扭转效应的抑制效果要好于上述原则;扭转效应的减震率大于平动效应的减震率。布置在隔震层平面外围的铅芯橡胶隔震支座对隔震层的扭转有一定的控制作用。     

Influence of dietary probiotic Bacillus TC22 and Prebiotic fructooligosaccharide on growth, immune responses and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus infection in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

The effects of probiotic Bacillus TC22 (isolated from intestine of infected sea cucumber) and prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth, immunity and disease resistance in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were studied. Six experimental diets were formulated with combinations of three levels of TC22 (0, 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet) and two levels of FOS (0 and 0.5%) in a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. At the end of the 8-week feeding trial,animals were challenged by injecting Vibrio splendidus. The results revealed that the specific growth rates (SGR) of sea cucumbers were not affected by TC22 and FOS, or the interaction between TC22 and FOS (P > 0.05). However,there were significant interactions between TC22 and FOS for immune response and disease resistance in sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). When sea cucumbers were fed with TC22 at 109 CFU g?1 feed and 0.5% FOS alone or in combination, the phagocytosis, respiratory burst and phenoloxidase activity of sea cucumber coelomocytes were significantly enhanced;the disease resistance against V. splendidus infection was also increased significantly (P < 0.05).However, dietary combination of TC22 at 109 CFU g-1 diet and 0.5% FOS did not yield significantly higher efficiency than either TC22 at 109 CFU g-1 diet or 0.5% FOS used alone (P > 0.05). Therefore, further studies should examine the effects of combinations of other levels of FOS(> 0.5% or < 0.5%) and TC22 on the immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumbers.     

1991—2020年江苏省连阴雨特征与区域指数构建

利用江苏省70个县级气象基本站1991—2020年逐日降水、日照时数资料,筛选出不同等级的连阴雨事件,建立连阴雨事件库。分析了江苏省连阴雨事件的时空分布特征和典型连阴雨过程,构建了区域连阴雨指数。结果表明：1） 江苏省以强连阴雨事件为主,事件年均发生次数、日数和降水总量从北到南依次增多。2） 苏北、苏中、苏南地区连阴雨事件的年发生次数、日数和降水总量表现出较明显的年代际差异,年际波动从北到南逐渐增强。苏北地区的连阴雨事件集中于盛夏发生,苏中地区多发于初春和盛夏,苏南地区于春夏大部分时间均较为频繁,秋冬亦较常见。3） 综合考虑连阴雨事件发生日数、降水量以及事件分布面积,构建区域连阴雨指数,以反映某一区域的连阴雨强弱情况。该指数较好地反映了2020年苏北、苏中、苏南三地区的区域连阴雨过程和强度变化。