Thermo-mechanical performance of layered transversely isotropic media around a cylindrical/tubular heat source

We develop a new numerical model based on a precise integration method to investigate the coupled thermo-mechanical performance of layered transversely isotropic media around a cylindrical/tubular heat source. To obtain the relational matrices of the extended precise integration method, we first convert the governing equations of the problem into ordinary differential matrix equations through the Laplace–Hankel transform. Then, the cylindrical heat source is divided into a series of plane heat sources, and the plane temperature load term is added to the state vector between layer elements. By combining the layer elements, we build a layered transversely isotropic numerical model containing a cylindrical heat source in the transformed domain. Finally, we solve the model in the transformed domain and obtain the solution of the problem in the real domain through the Laplace–Hankel transform inversion. The accuracy of this method is verified by comparing the solutions with the results of the analytical method and the finite element method. Then, we study the influence of the anisotropy of thermal parameters, the embedded depth, the length/radius ratio, the type of heat source and the stratification of the medium on the thermo-mechanical coupled performance.

     

Regional extreme‐dry‐spell frequency analysis using the L‐moments method in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin,China

In this research, the regional extreme‐dry‐spell frequency in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin (YRB) is studied by the L‐moments method. The research area has been divided into three subregions (regions 1, 2 and 3), which have been identified as homogenous regions. The results of a goodness‐of‐fit test indicate that a generalized normal distribution is the optimal regional model for regions 1 and 2 whereas a generalized Pareto distribution is the optimal regional model for region 3. The return period analysis figures out that the maximum length‐of‐dry‐spell (MxDS) values increase from south to north in the southern part and increase from northeast to southwest in the northern part of the middle reaches of the YRB under different return periods. The increments of quantiles of dry spell under different return levels indicate that drought risk in region 1 is higher than that in regions 2 and 3. The analysis of the occurrence day of MxDS shows that MxDS mostly occurred during winter of 1998 and spring of 1999 in most stations during the considered period. By comparing summer MxDS events, it can be found that mean MxDS values have slightly increased in regions 1 and 2 during the last five decades. The maximum mean MxDS values appeared in the 2000s for regions 1 and 2 and in the 1990s for region 3. The atmospheric circulation shows that the positive anomaly centre in the west of North China, negative anomaly centre in the east of North China and the strong western Pacific subtropical high led to the decrease of precipitation in North China during the summer of 1997. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Measure of Magnetic Field Discontinuity

In this paper we introduce a measure of magnetic field discontinuity, MAD, defined as Maximum Angular Difference between two adjacent magnetic field vectors. To examine the characteristics of the MAD, we have considered several active region models having a quadrupolar field configuration and computed MADs over these active regions by approximating the 3-D magnetic fields as an ensemble of charge potential fields or linear force-free fields. The computed MAD fields are studied in comparison with other flare activity indicators such as separators. It is found that (1) the region of high level MAD corresponds well with the separator, or practically the intersection of the separator with the plane of measurement, (2) it singles out local discontinuities of magnetic fields, and (3) the MAD can also be a measure of the evolutionary status of an active region.An observational test has been made for 2-D MADs, using the Yohkoh SXT observation of a flare in AR 6919 and the vector magnetogram taken at the Mees Solar Observatory during this flare activity. The high level contours of 2-D MAD are found to trace well the observed soft X-ray bright points, which indicates that the MAD could serve as a good flare activity indicator.     

南京地下水开采引起的环境地质问题及防治对策

近些年来,南京市的地下水开采量呈上升趋势,引发了泉水干涸、地面沉降、塌陷、水质恶化等一系列环境地质问题。对此进行了全面细致的分析,并提出了防治这些环境地质问题的措施,对我国城市地下水资源的合理规划和管理具有一定的借鉴意义。     

记甘肃华池的一件空棘鱼类化石

本文记述了一件产自甘肃华池晚三叠世的空棘鱼类化石,并讨论了陕甘宁盆地中生代早,中期一些含鱼沉积的海相成因及可能与油气生成的关系。     

1998年5月29日皮山县6.2级地震烈度分布特征及损失评估

１９９８年５月２９日皮山县发生６．２级地震,震中距皮山县城约３９ｋｍ,震源深度为３２ｋｍ,烈度分布区为北西－南东走向的椭圆形,极震区烈度为Ⅶ度,个别点为Ⅷ度,地震使皮山县县城,９个乡,２个镇,２个农场,墨玉县部分地区遭到不同程度的损失。共计受伤人数为２６人,其中重伤为２人,无家可归者人数为５５６６人,１３９２户,牲畜死亡４４５４头。地震造成的直接经济损失达５４８６．７５万元。     

塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸前中生界不整合面之下下奥陶统白云岩储层特征

研究表明,塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸内前中生界不整合面之下下奥陶统白云岩储层具以下特证:储集岩类简单,但结构较为复杂,主要有浅灰、灰黄色厚层含粒屑中-细晶白云岩,亮晶砂屑白云岩,硅质细-中晶白云岩、细-中晶残余砂屑白云岩,细晶残余鲕粒白云岩,粉-粗晶白云岩,局部有灰白色硅质岩。储层所经历的成岩作用有8种。其中,胶结作用、压实作用是使储层储集性能变差的主要成岩作用,而白云石化作用、破裂作用、溶蚀作用,特别是表生淡水溶蚀作用是产生次生孔隙的主要成岩作用。储层进油期孔隙以次生型为主,主要有晶间孔、晶间溶孔,胶结物内溶孔、溶洞、裂(溶)缝、晶间缝,孔隙度一般5％～8％,局部高达15％,故此其储集类型为孔、洞、缝复合型。储层含油气丰富,其含油饱和度高达75％,是重要的高产工业油气层。     

外源污染物对硬骨鱼甲状腺干扰作用机制的研究进展

甲状腺激素在鱼类生长发育、变态、生殖、渗透调节以及摄食和营养代谢中发挥着重要作用,外源化合物对硬骨鱼的甲状腺干扰作用会导致发育和孵化延迟、运动性降低。本文首先对鱼类甲状腺激素的中枢调控、合成、转运、代谢和发挥作用的相关过程进行简要介绍,随后从核受体介导途径、非受体介导途径两个方面综述了外源污染物对硬骨鱼甲状腺的干扰作用机制,最后从物种特异性、检测指标、膜受体介导途径三个方面提出了目前研究的不足之处以及解决方法,以期为今后探究外源污染物对鱼类甲状腺系统干扰作用机制的研究提供更多的参考。     

海带对重金属的吸附位点研究

用甲醇、甲醛处理海带藻粉,对其吸附重金属时羧基和氨基的作用进行研究,经藻粉的红外光谱及吸附实验的分析结果表明;羧基和氨基均参入了吸附过程;化学处理降低了重金属的吸附量。     

新型预制预应力混凝土框架结构有限元分析

为了研究新型预制预应力混凝土框架结构的抗震性能,本文采用ABAQUS软件对试验节点进行有限元分析,验证了建模方法的正确性,并以试验节点为原型,建立相应的两层两跨的新型预制预应力混凝土平面框架模型。采用低周往复加载方式分析了新型预制预应力混凝土框架结构和现浇框架结构的滞回性能,并模拟了新型预制预应力混凝土框架结构在不同的初始荷载、预应力筋数量及控制应力和U形筋配筋率下的滞回性能。结果表明,新型预制预应力混凝土框架和现浇框架的滞回性能非常接近;框架轴压比、预应力筋数量和U形筋配筋率对新型预制预应力混凝土框架的滞回性能有影响,而梁上荷载和预应力筋控制应力的影响较小。