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51.
Diana Duncan Darryll T. Pederson Timothy R. Shepherd James D. Can 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1991,11(4):144-150
The city of Lincoln draws water from a well field along the banks of the Platte River in east-central Nebraska. We have been able to follow the infusion of atrazine into this well field under induced recharge. Samples of water from the river, several monitoring wells and a production well were analyzed by GC/MS and solid phase extraction and found to change in concentration over the range 0.1 and 5.0 ppb of atrazine through the spring, summer, and fall 1989. Increases in the concentration of atrazine relating to precipitation events in the Platte River Basin were observable in the well water samples and ultimately in Lincoln municipal tap water. Atrazine from the river was seen to move via induced recharge and into well field ground water and away from the river at an observable rate. The concentration of atrazine in the river is dependent upon time of year and precipitation in the river basin. 相似文献
52.
Gul Muhammet Ak M. Fatih 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2020,34(8):1231-1262
Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment - Occupational safety issues encountered in the worksite environment are the issues that companies should consider in improving their... 相似文献
53.
Günay Erpul Donald Gabriels Melis Özge Pınar Çağlar Sagun Wim Cornelis 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(14):2870-2883
The effects of wind-driven rain (WDR) on sand detachment were studied under various raindrop obliquities. Results suggested a significant reduction in compressive stress on sand surfaces for a two-dimensional experimental set-up in a wind tunnel. During experiments, sand particles in splash cups were exposed to both wind-free rain (WFR) and WDR driven by horizontal winds of 6.4, 8.9 and 12.8 m s−1 and rainfall intensities of 50, 60, 75 and 90-mm h−1 to assess the sand detachment rate (D, in g m−2 s−1). The effects of sand moisture state (dry and wet) on the detachment of different-sized particles (0.20–0.50 and 0.50–2.00 mm, respectively) were also tested. Factorial analysis of variance showed that shear and compressive stress components evaluated by horizontal and vertical kinetic energy flux terms (KEx and KEy, respectively, in J m−2 s−1) along with their vector sum (KEr, in J m−2 s−1) explained the variation in D. Neither sand size nor sand moisture was statistically significant alone although binary interactions of KEr, KEx and KEy with the sand size and three-way interaction of KEx, sand size and moisture were statistically significant. These results can be explained by size-dependent variation in sand compressibility and surface friction related to the total stress field developed by a given partition of shear and compressive stresses of wind-driven oblique raindrops (KEx/KEy). Further analysis of the variation of the unit sand detachment rate (Du = D/KEr = g J−1) with rain inclination (α, in degrees) better revealed the effect of WDR obliquity on Du that further changed with sand size class and moisture state. Finally, the difference in the resulting stress field differentiable by the oblique raindrop trajectories of the experiment over sand surface significantly affected the non-cohesive particle detachment rates, to some extent interacted with size-dependent compressibility and interface shear strength of sand grains. 相似文献
54.
The 03 February 2002 Çay Earthquake (Mw ~6.7) occurred on the fault segment between Eber and Ak?ehir Lakes followed by a large aftershock (Mw ~5.6) near the western end of the fault and two sequential aftershocks. We computed the coseismic surface displacements from static GPS measurements to determine the fault geometry parameters and uniform slip components. The coseismic displacements were obtained through combining the regional pre-earthquake and post-earthquake GPS data. Fault geometry and slips were acquired through the inversion of GPS data modeling the events as elastic dislocations in a half-space and assuming all four events took place on the same fault plane. Results suggest that one-segment fault of ~33 km length and dipping ~43° northward suffices to model the dislocation, assuming uniform slip distribution with 0.51 m dip slip, 0.26 m left-lateral slip extending to a depth down to ~11.5 km which is consistent with seismological evidence. The results also verify the normal faulting in the eastern flank of Isparta Angle which has long been assumed as a thrusting structure. While the available data cannot identify the four individual events on the same day, an attempted distributed slip model differentiates dip slip and left-lateral slips near the hypocenter with maximum values of ~1 and 0.6 m, respectively. 相似文献
55.
Site classification of Turkish national strong-motion stations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. Abdullah Sandıkkaya Mustafa Tolga Yılmaz B. Sadık Bakır Özdoğan Yılmaz 《Journal of Seismology》2010,14(3):543-563
Since 1973, the General Directorate of Disaster Affairs of Turkey has deployed several strong-motion accelerographs at selected
sites. Within the framework of the project entitled Compilation of National Strong Ground Motion Database in Accordance with International Standards, site conditions were investigated within the upper 30-m depth by surface seismic and standard penetration tests. Preliminary
characterization of the sites is made by making use of both geophysical and geotechnical criteria of NEHRP Provisions and
Eurocode-8 site classification systems. The liquefaction susceptibility of those sites which comprise saturated cohesionless
deposits is also determined. Mean shear-wave velocity, mean penetration resistance, site class, and liquefaction susceptibility
of each site are tabulated. The Turkish strong-motion database supplemented by detailed information on site conditions is
a valuable source of information particularly for those studies that put emphasis on the relationship between site conditions
and strong-motion parameters. 相似文献
56.
57.
Shear‐wall dominant multistorey reinforced concrete structures, constructed by using a special tunnel form technique are commonly built in countries facing a substantial seismic risk, such as Chile, Japan, Italy and Turkey. In spite of their high resistance to earthquake excitations, current seismic code provisions including the Uniform Building Code (International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, CA, 1997) and the Turkish Seismic Code (Specification for Structures to be Built in Disaster Areas, Ankara, Turkey, 1998) present limited information for their design criteria. In this study, consistency of equations in those seismic codes related to their dynamic properties are investigated and it is observed that the given empirical equations for prediction of fundamental periods of this specific type of structures yield inaccurate results. For that reason, a total of 80 different building configurations were analysed by using three‐dimensional finite‐element modelling and a set of new empirical equations was proposed. The results of the analyses demonstrate that given formulas including new parameters provide accurate predictions for the broad range of different architectural configurations, roof heights and shear‐wall distributions, and may be used as an efficient tool for the implicit design of these structures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
58.
59.
木荷马尾松群落凋落物养分归还量年变化格局分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对福州市国家森林公园木荷马尾松群落凋落物养分归还量年变化格局进行了分析.群落通过枯枝落叶形式每年向林地归还养分(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn)总量为217.310kg·hm^-2.其中5种大量元素年归还量顺序为N〉Ca〉K〉Mg〉P,4种微量元素的为Fe〉Mn〉Zn〉Cu.群落通过落叶归还于林地的养分量占总量的80.49%,并以木荷叶为主,它主导了中亚热带木荷马尾松林凋落物的年凋落量及养分归还量.9种营养元素归还量在不同月份间的变化很大,在4月N、P、K、Mg、Mn达到第一个归还高峰,8月N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn又出现第二个归还高峰;Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn的第一个归还高峰在5月,Cu和zn的第二个归还高峰在7月,在11月除Cu外各养分元素又有一个小归还峰.凋落物的C/N年变化量在27.38~40.29之间,C/P年变化值在1045~1703之间.在4种组分中,以落叶对N、K、Mg、Mn年归还的贡献最大,落枝对Ca、Cu、Zn年归还的贡献最大,落果对P的年归还贡献最大,而花及杂物对Fe的年归还贡献最大,养分利用效率以P和4种微量元素的较大,它们(特别是P)较易成为中亚热带木荷马尾松林生长的限制因子. 相似文献
60.
Chantal Guillard Hervé Delprat Can Hoang-van Pierre Pichat 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1993,16(1):47-59
The photodegradation of naphthalene (NPH), chosen as a model of polynuclear aromatic pollutants, has been studied in the presence of a layer of four water-insoluble inorganic solids which can be found in the troposphere (TiO2, Fe2O3, muscovite, and a fly ash sample). Direct photolysis of NPH is negligible at >340 nm. Dark adsorption of NPH on TiO2 (mainly anatase, nonporous, 50 m2 g–1) at 293 K corresponds to a surface coverage ofca. 50% at equilibrium. Under these conditions (saturated surface), the stationary-state photocatalytic degradation reaches 0.4 molecule nm–2 h–1 (>340 nm, radiant fluxca. 22 mW cm–2). Dioxygen is required and its partial pressure in air is such that the degradation is zero order in O2. Water vapor markedly increases the rate. The other particulates have also an effect, less important than that of TiO2, however quite noticeable with respect to surface area unit for the fly ash sample which contains 3.2% Fe2O3. Apart from 1,4-naphthoquinone, which is the main intermediate product in all cases, 2-naphthol, phthalide, phthaldialdehyde, phthalic acid, acetophenone, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid are also formed on dry TiO2. Depending on their volatility, these compounds are transferred to the gas phase or remain principally adsorbed on the solid particles where they are further transformed. For instance, phthalic acid (or anhydride) and benzoic acid are generated from 1,4-naphthoquinone. Degradation mechanisms are briefly discussed. 相似文献