台风期间浮标和潜标上ADCP的空间变化、数据误差及校正#br#

基于南海北部浮标和潜标的声学多普勒流速剖面仪（ADCP）数据,通过一套几何算法计算了台风海鸥（1415）期间ADCP的空间变化和流速误差,并进行数据校正。浮标上,台风过后ADCP的水平位移最大可达2.61 km,水平流速误差最大可达0.27 m/s,垂向流速误差最大仅为5×10^-4 m/s;温跃层流速校正值在台风过后显著大于流速测值,这表明水平校正对于温跃层流速的质量控制很重要。潜标上,ADCP最大垂向位移增量为179 m,最大绳子倾角为35°,最大水平位移为1.5 km; ADCP水平流速误差和倾角误差都很小,在数据校正中可忽略不计,但对台风过后中层流速的垂向校正不能忽略。     

基于多元线性回归分析的页岩气有利区评价新方法——以上扬子地区五峰组—龙马溪组海相页岩为例

本文以四川盆地及其周缘五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气评价为例,总结了页岩气有利区优选的储层参数、保存参数和压力系数等参数,量化了各关键参数平面分布,运用多元线性回归分析方法计算了参数权重,通过多参数加权叠加公式建立了多元线性回归模型：有利区=-0.317+0.75×埋深+0.285×TOC+0.148×R_O+0.093×孔隙度-0.128×渗透率+0.201×脆性矿物-0.199×压力系数,并开展了定量化优选评价页岩气有利区工作。分析结果表明,各参数权重由大到小排序为：埋深、TOC、脆性矿物和压力系数、R_O、孔隙度、渗透率,代表对含气性的影响作用依次减小。经过量化优选的有利区主要集中于四川盆地内,包括威远-自贡一线、宜宾-泸州-涪陵一线和川东区域为主,盆外的昭通、金沙、道真和黔江区域为相对有利区。该预测评价结果与四川盆地页岩气勘探实际基本相符,有利区表现形式较传统综合地质方法更清晰、直观。     

辽宁连山关地区混合花岗岩岩石地球化学特征及构造环境

连山关地区前寒武系赋存的铀矿床,是我国为数不多的不整合型铀矿床。对连山关混合花岗岩开展地球化学研究,通过分析岩石主量、微量元素地球化学特征,探讨岩石成因及形成的构造环境。该区混合花岗岩属于富硅,高碱、低钛的钙碱性系列岩石,稀土总量较高,轻稀土元素明显富集,具有中等程度的Eu负异常;U、La、P相对富集,Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、Ti相对亏损。该混合花岗岩具有S型花岗岩的特征,其源岩为中、上地壳酸性岩石,可能形成于太古宙克拉通裂陷拉张的构造环境。     

Stratigraphic features of the Maltese Archipelago: a synthesis

The present study gathers a large amount of both existing and unpublished biostratigraphic data, which allows a detailed and complete definition of the stratigraphic features of the late Oligocene–late Miocene Maltese Archipelago sedimentary succession, recording in turn the tectonic and eustatic history of the Central Mediterranean region. We selected five sections in the Malta Island and three in Gozo, representative of the entire sedimentary succession, affected by well-known erosional surfaces, correlated to low-stands of the sea level, often associated with phoshatic layers, linked to the subsequent high-stands. The sedimentary interval, and thus the associated hiatuses, was constrained both by the bio-chronostratigraphic attribution and by the comparison with the third-order succession of the New Jersey passive margin, which shows strict analogy with the geodynamic context in which the Maltese succession deposited. The diachroneity at the base of the formations in the different sections, and the presence of intraformational unconformity/hiatuses, highlighted the role of the tectonic, which depicted a complex sedimentary basin, characterized by more distal versus more marginal sectors. Furthermore, the possibility to compare the sedimentary succession with the oxygen isotope curve connects the sedimentation interruptions, recorded within the Maltese Archipelago deposits, to global cooling events.

     

北京地区冻土时空分布特征

基于1981—2021年北京地区6个气象站的逐日最大冻土深度、平均气温、平均地表温度及5、10、15、20、40、80 cm地温等资料,分析了近40年北京地区最大冻土深度的时空分布特征及其与气温和地温的关系。结果表明：北京地区最大冻土深度总体呈变浅趋势,气候倾向率为-2.3 cm/10 a,各站点最大冻土深度变浅趋势从西到东呈逐渐减弱趋势。北京地区最大冻土深度与40、80 cm地温相关性最好,与地表温度相关性较差。选取2021至2022年北京地区冻土对比试验数据,评估测温式冻土自动观测仪观测精度,发现仪器安装至少一个冻融周期后与冻土人工观测吻合度更好,测温式冻土自动观测仪的观测精度与仪器安装位置的地下岩层、土质分布密切相关,需要在仪器稳定运行后根据当地实际优化算法和冻融阈值。     

10种石斑鱼系统发育的线粒体细胞色素b基因序列分析

为探讨石斑鱼亚科鱼类的系统发育关系,测定了此亚科中具有代表性的石斑鱼属、鳃棘鲈属、九棘鲈属、驼背鲈属和白线光腭鲈属等5个属10种石斑鱼的细胞色素b基因全序列,分析了这些序列的特性,运用Kimura 2-parameter模型,以邻接法构建了分子系统树。结果表明,九棘鲈属与鳃棘鲈属位于系统进化树的基部,与石斑鱼类其它类群亲缘关系较远;驼背鲈属与白线光腭鲈属网结于石斑鱼属构成的分支中。     

新城子地电阻率干扰因素分析研究

本文首先概述了新城子地电阻率的观测环境,并根据新城子台近年几次地电阻率的异常变化,通过理论分析和观测环境实际凋杏,发现了铁栅栏、大气降水、观测室改造等干扰因素,分析了各种干扰曲线形态,为今后地电阻率干扰识别和排除提供参考。     

Roughness effect on the correction factor of surface velocity for rill flows

Flow velocity is one of the most important hydrodynamic variables for both channelized (rill and gullies) and interrill erosive phenomena. The dye tracer technique to measure surface flow velocity V_s is based on the measurement of the travel time of a tracer needed to cover a known distance. The measured V_s must be corrected to obtain the mean flow velocity V using a factor α_v = V/V_s which is generally empirically deduced. The V_s measurement can be influenced by the method applied to time the travel of the dye-tracer and α_v can vary in different flow conditions. Experiments were performed by a fixed bed small flume simulating a rill channel for two roughness conditions (sieved soil, gravel). The comparison between a chronometer-based (CB) and video-based (VB) technique to measure V_s was carried out. For each slope-discharge combination, 20 measurements of V_s, characterized by a sample mean V_m, were carried out. For both techniques, the frequency distributions of V_s/V_m resulted independent of slope and discharge. For a given technique, all measurements resulted normally distributed, with a mean equal to one, and featured by a low variability. Therefore, V_m was considered representative of surface flow velocity. Regardless of roughness, the V_m values obtained by the two techniques were very close and characterized by a good measurement precision. The developed analysis on α_v highlighted that it is not correlated with Reynolds number for turbulent flow regime. Moreover, α_v is correlated neither with the Froude number nor with channel slope. However, the analysis of the empirical frequency distributions of the correction factor demonstrated a slope effect. For each technique (CB, VB)-roughness (soil, gravel) combination, a constant correction factor was statistically representative even if resulted in less accurate V estimations compared to those yielded by the slope-specific correction factor.     

临清坳陷东部三叠系沉积岩地球化学特征及构造意义

碎屑沉积岩的物质组成对其形成的构造背景具有重要的指示作用。通过对临清坳陷东部三叠系碎屑沉积岩样品地球化学主量和微量元素分析表明：三叠系岩石样品主要为成熟度较低的杂砂岩和长石砂岩;碎屑沉积岩的母岩总体上与大陆地壳组成基本一致,原岩以沉积岩和花岗岩为主;临清坳陷东部中生代早—中三叠世处于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘构造环境,其动力学机制与早期秦岭洋壳向华北板块俯冲、晚期扬子板块和华北板块碰撞作用有关。研究结果为确定三叠纪时期华北东部南侧的构造环境提供了地球化学方面的证据。