Mountains on Titan observed by Cassini Radar

The Cassini Titan Radar mapper has observed elevated blocks and ridge-forming block chains on Saturn's moon Titan demonstrating high topography we term “mountains.” Summit flanks measured from the T3 (February 2005) and T8 (October 2005) flybys have a mean maximum slope of 37° and total elevations up to 1930 m as derived from a shape-from-shading model corrected for the probable effects of image resolution. Mountain peak morphologies and surrounding, diffuse blankets give evidence that erosion has acted upon these features, perhaps in the form of fluvial runoff. Possible formation mechanisms for these mountains include crustal compressional tectonism and upthrusting of blocks, extensional tectonism and formation of horst-and-graben, deposition as blocks of impact ejecta, or dissection and erosion of a preexisting layer of material. All above processes may be at work, given the diversity of geology evident across Titan's surface. Comparisons of mountain and blanket volumes and erosion rate estimates for Titan provide a typical mountain age as young as 20-100 million years.     

东昆仑东段加里东造山旋回侵入岩特征研究

新一轮区调填图所获资料表明,加里东期花岗岩成因类型复杂多样,有岛弧花岗岩、同碰撞花岗岩及少量陆内造山花岗岩等,说明东昆仑东段在加里东时期经历了复杂的洋—陆俯冲、陆陆碰撞的动力学过程。     

吉林中部地区南楼山组时代确认

根据新的调查和综合研究,南楼山组早期于建组剖面附近的四方顶子和玉兴屯获流纹岩全岩K-Ar同位素年龄176.1Ma和176.7Ma,近期又在建组剖面的北大湖二道沟和南大岭分别获得流纹岩和辉石安山岩的锆石U-Pb高精度年龄（174.0±3.4）Ma和（179.4±1.1）Ma,故南楼山组的时代可确认为早侏罗世晚期土阿辛期（Toarcian）。双丫子东山火山岩全岩K-Ar同位素年龄（195.0±5.01）Ma;官马金矿区火山岩全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄（222±10）Ma,不应划入南楼山组或将其时代修定为晚三叠世。     

Active Source Tomography in Northwestern Xinjiang,China:Implication for Mineral Distribution

The main aim of this work is to understand the distribution of minerals by obtaining a shallow velocity structure around the Karatungk(喀拉通克) region.Data were acquired in 2009 by a denser array in deploying a transportable seismometer with 4.5 Hz vertical geophone.All the P-wave arrival times are picked automatically with Akaike information criterion,and then checked man-machine interactively by short-receiver geometry.The database for local active-source tomographic in-version involves 4 241 P-wave arrival ...     

Petroleum System of the Fula Depression at the Muglad Basin in the Central African Fault Zone

Petroleum system theory has been used to study characteristics of the Fula depression in the Central African fault zone.In this system,deep lacustrine facies mudstone in the Abu Gabra For-mation of the Lower Cretaceous is a very good source rock,thick deltaic facies sandstone of the Abu Gabra Formation and fluvial facies sandstone of the Bentiu Formation are good reservoir beds,and the mudstone in the Upper Cretaceous Darfur Group is the regional cap rock.The oil search mode and fault block trap seal-off co...     

Recently Ratified and Proposed Cambrian Global Standard Stratotype-section and Points

This paper briefly summarizes an officially ratified Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) and a proposed GSSP for global stages of the Cambrian System. The Luoyixi section near Luoyixi town, Guzhang, northwestern Hunan is ratified as the boundary stratotype for the base of the global Guzhangian Stage, which is the upmost stage of an unnamed series termed provisionally as Cambrian Series 3. The GSSP position lies 121.3 m above the base of the Huaqiao Formation in the section, coinciding with the first appearance of the cosmopolitan agnostoid trilobite Lejopyge leavigata. The Duibian B section at Duibian village, Jiangshan, western Zhejiang, is proposed as the boundary stratotype for the base of the proposed global Jiangshanian Stage that is the second stage of the Furongian Series. The proposed GSSP position lies 108.12 m above the base of the Huayansi Formation in the section, coinciding with the first appearance of the cosmopolitan agnostoid trilobite Agnostotes orientalius. This horizon is also with the first appearance of the cosmopolitan polymerid trilobite Irvingella angustilimbata.     

Correlation of the Tournaisian-Visean Boundary Beds

With the definition and adoption of the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for base of the Visean in China, the newly synthesized zonations and correlation of some significant fossil groups: foraminifera, conodont, coral and brachiopoda near the Tournaisian-Visean boundary beds are reviewed, which help in the recognition of the boundary in various sedimentary facies. The occurrence of two physical events, one pre- and one post- the Tournaisian-Visean boundary is emphasized, which allows for recognition of the position close to the Tournaisian-Visean boundary in the field. The regional correlation in southern China and international correlation throughout Eurasia around the Tournaisian-Visean boundary beds with the GSSP is proposed.     

成矿热液分类兼论岩浆热液的成矿效率

根据流体中H2O、CO2、NaCl三组分的相对含量,结合H2O-NaCl体系临界压力和石盐融化曲线温度,可以将地壳中的成矿流体分为5类：大气降水、海水、盆地卤水、变质流体和岩浆流体。这种基于地壳环境中普遍存在的三元系结合流体临界性和石盐融化温度的分类,对于理解地壳中沿地温地压梯度流动流体的多样性和流体混合与不混溶具有重...     

岩浆热液成矿理论的失败:原因和出路

流行的岩浆热液成矿理论假定含矿流体由岩浆分异作用、特别是分离结晶作用产生。由于大型、超大型矿床往往与小岩体有关,而小体积岩浆不能满足质量平衡的要求,其支持者进一步假定含矿岩体的深部存在一个大岩浆体。这种解释与矿区观察到的地质现象和理论推导结果相悖:(1)含矿斑岩中常见暗色微粒包体和大量具有较高密度的矿物,表明岩浆没有发生分离结晶作用;(2)流体的活动性远大于硅酸盐熔浆,没有证据表明岩浆分异产生的流体要在熔浆固结之后才开始活动;(3)矿区普遍见有同成矿的宽谱系岩墙群,暗示成矿期不存在大的深部岩浆房。因此,岩浆热液成矿理论遭遇的困境不仅仅是质量平衡问题,有必要重新思考岩浆相关矿床的形成机制。岩浆热液成矿理论失败的深层原因则是它将成矿作用看作是理想系统中的平衡线性过程,而成矿系统实际上是一种复杂性动力系统,成矿作用是一种非平衡、非线性过程;换句话说,在流行的岩浆热液成矿理论中,对成矿系统和成矿作用的基本属性缺乏正确的理解。在当今科学发展水平上,其失败是必然的,因而有必要构筑新的成矿理论。依据复杂性科学的基本原理,罗照华等(2007,2009)将熔浆和含矿流体看作是成矿系统中2个独立的子系统,认为它们的强相互作用及其环境约束主导了成矿系统的戏剧性变化;进而构筑了一个新的框架性模型,称为透岩浆流体成矿理论。该理论不仅可以解释比流行岩浆热液成矿理论更多的地质现象,还可以推导潜在的具体找矿标志,可能成为岩浆相关矿床成因研究的新起点。     

南海低纬地区15kaBP以来高分辨率孢粉记录及植被、气候演变

本文依据南海低纬地区SA09-090孔高分辨率的孢粉记录,从下至上划分了4个孢粉组合带,从孢粉成分的变化,重建了15kaBP以来的植被和气候变化历史。研究结果发现:15.0—12.5kaBP期间研究区花粉主要来自当地出露的陆架,揭示出出露的陆架植被类型是以热带低山雨林和低地雨林为主。海滨地区生长着茂盛的红树林,当时气温比现在低一些,但无明显变干现象。12—10kaBP期间植被中低山雨林花粉增多,红树植物花粉减少,这说明此时海平面上升,气温也回升,花粉源区变远。全新世时(10kaBP至今),花粉主要来源于加里曼丹岛和周围岛屿,植被以低山雨林和海滨红树植物为主,但花粉浓度大幅降低,这种花粉浓度降低说明海平面继续上升,研究区距离花粉源区越来越远。全新世中期时为热、湿的气候环境,后期与现今相近。