京津冀德平原区深层水开采与地面沉降关系空间分析

京津冀德地区是我国重要城市集中区和农业生产基地,由于深层地下水的过量开发利用,产生了严重地面沉降问题。部分学者认为,深层地下水累计开采量基本上相当于地面沉降累计量,认为京津冀德平原区深层水属于储存资源,基本得不到补给和更新。本文利用GIS空间分析方法,对开发利用深层地下水的京津冀德平原区大约八万平方千米范围,进行了累计地面沉降体积分布、深层水水位变差分布的空间分析,结合对深层地下水开采量的研究,初步探讨了深层水开采利用与地面沉降宏观关系的定量特征,结论是多年平均深层水开采量为25×108~27×108m3,多年平均地面沉降体积量为11.2×108m3,年均地面沉降体积大约相当于41%~44%的年均深层水开采量体积,还有56%~59%的深层水开采未导致直接的地面沉降响应,说明在高强度开采激励条件下深层水的动力场可能已经发生巨大变化,对深层水开采引起地面沉降的关系、深层水的组成与循环更新机制应进一步研究。     

新疆西天山大山口金矿地质及成矿流体包裹体地球化学

新疆和静县大山口金矿位于南天山成矿带东段、哈萨克斯坦—伊犁板块与塔里木板块缝合带附近。矿床处在萨恨托亥—大山口脆韧性剪切带中,矿体以脆韧性变形的上志留—下泥盆统大山口组细碎屑岩、闪长玢岩、英安斑岩为主岩,与围岩的界线模糊。矿体在走向和延深方向上常尖灭再现,局限在脆韧性变形带中,表现为彼此平行的板状、透镜状矿体群或矿带。...     

西藏尼玛地区油气显示的发现及其意义

2005年度,在《青藏高原油气资源战略选区调查及评价》项目的陆相第三系盆地野外地质调查过程中,在尼玛县城关(折章)东约90～100km、老尼玛区(现名为措罗镇)南约10～12km处,发现了许多含有沥青脉的坡积、洪积砂砾岩转石。经进一步追索还证实,该区北侧出露有与伦坡拉盆地牛堡组下段地层相当的灰色、灰绿色、黄灰色泥页岩夹薄板状含灰质泥岩和泥灰岩夹层的地层。在这套地层的灰色泥岩节理面上发育有许多沥青薄膜。尼玛地区第三系地层的发育证实了该区依然发育有新生界的沉积盆地,油气显示在该区的发现则证实了该区发育有含油气盆地。从而突破了在青藏高原上陆相第三系盆地中寻找油气资源被局限在伦坡拉盆地中东部概念的束缚,扩大了第三系盆地中寻找油气资源的领域和前景。     

陕北奥陶系钾盐层位的发现与研究

陕北奥陶系是一个大型海相蒸发岩盆地,笔者在盆地东侧下奥陶统马家沟组,发现了钾石盐,光卤石等钾盐矿物,这是世界上首次在奥陶系发现钾盐,笔者较详细地研究了地质条件,含盐岩系剖面特下,物质成分和地球化学等,探讨了蒸发岩沉积的古地理环境和成盐模式据蒸发岩组成特征,结构构造,赋存状态,组合关系,地球化学诸方面的综合研究,认为陕北盆地钾盐沉积形成于残留卤水湖和干盐湖阶段。     

Mineralization and Ore-controlling Implications of Low-angle Faults

Low-angle faults include those occurring in thrust-nappe structures in a compressive setting and the detachment of metamorphic core complexes in an extensional setting. All low-angle faults have their own particularities. The low-angle fault plays an important role in controlling over some endogenetic metallic ore deposits. Based on studies of the Xiaoban gold deposit, Xinzhou gold deposit, and Longfengchang polymetallic ore deposit, and comparisons with other mines, the authors conclude the ore-controlling implications of low-angle faults as follows. (1) Because of high temperature and high pressure, as well as strong ductile deformation, the internal energy of the elements rises in the large-scale deep ductile low-angle faults, which causes the elements to activate and differentiate from the source rocks, forming ore-bearing hydrothermal solution, and bring mineralization to happen. (2) When rising from depths and flowing along the low-angle faults, the ore-bearing hydrothermal solution will alter and     

Geochronology and Significance of Granites Associated with Gold Deposits in the Jidong Area, China

The Jidong area is located on the north margin of the North China craton. It is a nucleus composed of the oldest rocks in China. Precambrian metamorphic rocks with various Phanerozoic granitoids invaded are widespread. Gold deposits here have close spatial relations to granitoids. Some deposits occur within them and others in the outer zone of the contact belt of the intrusion, extending thousands of metres. There have been controversial views in regard to the relations of the deposits to the intrusions although traditional techniques have been used to date the intrusions. In order to solve such a problem, the SHRIMP technique was adopted to date the U-Pb ages of zircon collected from the Yuerya intrusion which hosts the large-sized Yuerya Au deposit and Qingshankou intrusion 2 km away from the Jinchangyu (larger-sized) Au deposit. Analysis shows that the ages of 175±1 Ma and 174±3 Ma for Yuerya intrusion and the age of 199±2 Ma for Qingshankou granite indicate the Early Yanshanian stage of the Meso-     

An Upper Triassic Hexacoral from the Yungching District, Hsikang

During his reconnaissance survey of the Takuangshan iron ore deposit ofYungching, Hsikang, in the autumn of 1939, C. J. Peng collected specimens offossil coral from the Triassic limestone of that region. The material was studied     

江苏东海大陆钻址区层析成像

苏鲁大别造山带是出露榴辉岩典型的超高压变质带,大陆科学钻选择东海县榴辉岩大片覆盖区作为址区,对揭示碰撞造山和后期变形及折返等动力学过程有重要意义。但该地区缺少深部地质资料和数据,层析成像作为深部速度扰动分析的主要手段之一,可以作为这个地区的深部探测的先导工作。以钻址为中心布置了N340W和N70E的十字测线。层析反演结果第3层与重力异常变化一致,和Moho面变化有关,高速体和高重力都在中心出现,而郯庐断裂和嘉山-响水断裂均为高低速体变化的界线。NS剖面垂直于构造走向可分为三个部分,可能分别代表扬子板块、苏鲁地体和华北板块及它们之间界线的特征。南部断裂产状较陡,在其北侧隐约有不连续倾斜的高速体,北部断裂的产状比较一致的北倾,受郯庐断裂控制明显。200km深度以上的高速体与低速体发生突变的地带,分别处于30km、80km、130km的深度上,相当于Moho面、岩石圈、软流圈的大致深度。这种格局反映了苏鲁地区在断裂控制下岩石圈活动的特征。     

板内地震过程的三层次构造模式

地震的本质是一个能量长期积累和突发释放的地质过程。在板内地震特征分析的基础上,我们提出板内地震的三层次构造模式——软流圈上隆的深部构造、中地壳韧性流变层(低速高导层)及其上、下的强硬层组成的中部三明治构造和上地壳浅表脆性断裂构造。软流圈上隆使岩石圈减薄并为震源提供热能和机械能,提升地震三明治构造中韧性流变层的温度,且降低其粘度,相应地加大了高导层与高阻层的能干差,使得热能和机械能引起的应变能在两种不同流变性质介质边界附近强烈集中。三明治构造上面脆性断裂加速了应力集中,当活动断层达到三明治构造边界,即可触发地震的发生,引起应变能、热能的突然释放。基于以上模式,我们初步设计了对三层次构造信息的地震监测系统。     

内蒙古图林凯蛇绿岩中埃达克岩SHRIMP测年：早古生代洋壳消减的证据

内蒙古图林凯蛇绿岩中,新发现了埃达克岩,岩性包括石英闪长岩、奥长花岗岩、斜长岩和英安岩。它们是温都尔庙—图林凯早古生代消减带的一种岩浆岩标志。精确的SHRIMP U-Pb测年表明:①石英闪长岩侵位于约467±13Ma,说明温都尔庙古洋壳的消减可能始于约467±13Ma或更早。随后不久,这一岩石经历了约451±18Ma的高级变质和部分熔融事件。②英安岩喷发于约459±8Ma,奥长花岗岩形成略晚,约451±7Ma,最后形成了斜长岩的岩墙,其时代约为429±7Ma。据此认为,温都尔庙—图林凯古洋壳在早古生代时期,经历了愈38Ma的消减事件。