典型构造微破裂集结的实验研究

通过大理岩破裂实验,考察了典型构造中微裂纹的演化、集结的过程和特征．根据损伤理论,分析了构造对微破裂演化的控制作用．根据微破裂集结临界条件的相似原理,认为这些特征可以类推到公里尺度,它们有助于解释地震中短期阶段的前震或广义前震分布,作为地震前兆的一次效应．其它物理效应为二次或三次效应．微破裂集结时局部密度突然加大,有助于解释部分前兆记录突跳现象．非集结部分出现部分微裂纹愈合,密度反向变化,有助于解释一些前兆记录在短临阶段记录中出现反向的现象．考察了不同构造的不同部位微破裂萌生和演化的范围差异,这些差异有助于解释不同地质构造孕震区域的孕震过程,从而可解释板缘和板内地震前兆记录的差异．这种差异可能被不同观点学者分别引用,以论证地震是否有前兆记录的问题．然而,在考察不同地区的前兆记录时,必须注意不同地区的地质背景．      

浙江缙云斜发沸石水的核磁共振分析

本文应用宽线NMR技术,结合红外测定,研究了缙云斜发沸石中水的结构类型、存在状态、运动特征和热稳定性。结果表明:缙云斜发沸石中的沸石水按其运动特性可以分为受阻旋转水、自由旋转水和自扩散运动水三种类型,它们以谱线中分裂的双线和线宽不同的单峰相区别。低温时,受阻旋转运动的水在晶格中转变为刚性配置。其脱水次序决定于各类型水与沸石结构骨架键合的强弱,脱水是连续的。研究显示缙云斜发沸石的结构骨架相当疏宽,骨架对水分子的吸引力没有严格的方向性,这一特性有利于阳离子的交换。     

Culm Plants from Northern Kuangtung

正 In February 1943 some valuable specimens of plant fossils were collected by the members of the Geological Survey of Kuangtung and Kuangsi from a coal series in     

TURBULENCE STRUCTURE AND TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS IN THE SURFACE LAYER OF HEIFE GOBI AREA

Based on the HEIFE 1988 and 1990 pilot observations,an analysis on the turbulence structure of Gobi surfacelayer,mainly on the similarity formulations of wind and temperature variances,the spectra and cospectracharacteristics,is presented.The phenomenon of downward water vapor flux over Gobi desert in daytime is confirmedin both observations,this and the well-known‘oasis effect’are two sides of a local mesoscale circulation.     

OBSERVATION AND MODEL ANALYSES OF POSITIVE CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING IN MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS

The analyses of spatial and temporal characteristics of positive cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning for four mesoscaleconvective systems and two severe local convective systems in 1989 and 1990 show that positive CG flash rate usuallyhas two peak values.The major peak occurs during the developing stage of the storm and most of the positive CGflashes originate at the lower part of the storm.The minor occurs during the dissipative stage of the storm and most ofthe positive CG flashes originate at the upper part of the storm,especially in the region of the wind divergence in thestorm anvil.The positive CG flash rate is almost an order of magnitude larger in the developing stage than in thedissipative stage.The appearing time of the peak of negative CG flash rate is in accordance with that of the valley of pos-itive CG flash rate.The higher the intensity of the radar echo,the higher the positive CG flash rate.Most of the positive CG flashes oc-cur when the weak echo area is larger,and mostly originate in the region where the radar echo intensity is about 10dBzand in the back region of the moving storms.The spatial distribution of the positive CG flashes is much more dispersivethan that of the negative.The mesoscale analysis reveals a bipolar lightning pattern.The mean bipole--length reaches itsminimum during the mature stage of the storm and reaches the maximum during the developing stage of the storm.The vertical distribution of the charge density is calculated by a one-dimensional charging model.Then,we discussthe producing condition of the positive CG lightning and forming cause of charge structure mentioned above.     

粘滑过程中声发射序列的时间分布及前兆特征

用声发射波形采集分析系统记录的完整花岗岩在固体围压下破裂及粘滑过程中产生的声发射波形,研究了声发射和粘滑时间序列与天然地震序列的关系,讨论了粘滑过程的时间分布,发现粘滑事件的累积频度曲线随时间的变化受围压和应变率影响,大致呈现指数函数和线性关系两种形式。总事件(包括粘滑和声发射)的累积频度随时间的变化在不同的实验条件下呈现出对数函数形式,粘滑序列中的声发射随时间减少。本文的结果对于研究不同应变速率及不同震源深度的地区的地震活动时间分布特征,以及在判别地震活跃期内不同阶段强震序列类型和前兆特征有一定参考作用。     

STUDY ON APPLICATIONS OF C-BAND DUAL LINEAR POLARIZATION RADAR IN METEOROLOGY

Theoretical study and development of a dual linear polarization weather radar in China are briefly presented.Also discussed are the potential uses of the new radar system in improving the accuracy of areal rainfall measure-ments and analysing the spacial structure of storms and distribution of hydrometecrs in clouds based on theradar observational data from the field experimcnts during the summers of 1987—1989. The results indicatethat a C-band dual polarization weather radar, after considering the microwave attenuation correction, may beemployed to quantitatively measure rainfall and to monitor heavy rain and flood events and becomes an impor-rant means to study storm structure.     

乌苏里地区构造新探索

通过乌苏里地区中苏合作对比研究，对该区的构造有了以下一些新的认识：若干地体的拼贴奠定了东北亚大陆边缘的构造格局，地体的拼贴在时空上是有规律可寻的，这一规律解释了地槽学说对该区构造解释中的疑难问题。通过那丹哈达－比金地体外来岩块的地层对比，建立了一套完整的层序，在利恢复地体漂泊的历史。通过对比还发现苏联远东溪海地区和中国延吉地区可能同是不凯地体二叠纪的活动大陆边缘，三叠纪也经历了共同的演化历史。     

An Unusual Porphyritic Texture of the Fangshan Granodiorite

A remarkable character of the Fangshan (房山) granodiorite isthe abundance of the large phenocrystic orthoclase perthite throughoutthe central part of the igenous body. They project on the weathered