一次大暴雨天气过程的能量分析

利用数值预报产品及能量方法分析了１９９５年８月２１－２３是鲁南和山东半财区大暴雨天气过程。结果表明：暴雨产生在低层高能舌准饱能舌，准饱和及对流不稳定的区域；５００ｈＰａ正涡度舌与８５０ｈＰａ暖切变及需所了旋中心相配合，产生较强的上升运动，触发对流不稳定能量释放，产生大暴雨。     

汶川地震灾区堰塞湖流域面雨量计算方法研究

2008年5月12日汶川大地震发生后,唐家山等堰塞湖水位上升,直接威胁到灾区下游地区人民生命财产安全,堰塞湖面雨量的预报至关重要。应用GIS技术,通过数字高程模型(DEM)、水系资料、堰塞湖位置等信息,应用水流逆向搜索方法,并参照航拍影像和1:5万高程数据进行修正,提取出南坝、唐家山、肖家桥以及老鹰岩等堰塞湖上游小流域和地震灾区所处的嘉陵江、岷江、涪江、沱江以及青衣江上游流域边界,应用泰森多边形法开展了以上流域面雨量预报。初步建立了面对突发性应急事件,流域特征信息不完备状况下的小流域面雨量预报服务技术,为应急决策服务提供了水文气象技术支持。     

Asia-Pacific mussel watch: monitoring contamination of persistent organochlorine compounds in coastal waters of Asian countries

Contamination of persistent organochlorines (OCs) such as PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), DDT and its metabolites (DDTs), HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) isomers (HCHs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), and HCB (hexachlorobenzene) were examined in mussels collected from coastal waters of Asian countries such as Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Far East Russia, Singapore, and Vietnam in 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2001 to elucidate the contamination status, distribution and possible pollution sources and to assess the risks on aquatic organisms and human. OCs were detected in all mussels collected from all the sampling sites investigated. Considerable residue levels of p,p(')-DDT and alpha-HCH were found in mussels and the concentrations of DDTs and HCHs found in mussels from Asian developing countries were higher than those in developed nations suggesting present usage of DDTs and HCHs along the coastal waters of Asian developing countries. On the other hand, lower concentrations of PCBs detected in mussels from Asian developing countries than those in developed countries indicate that PCBs contamination in mussels is strongly related to industrial and activities. To our knowledge, this is a first comprehensive report on monitoring OCs pollution in the Asia-Pacific region.     

风蚀对中国北方脆弱生态系统碳循环的影响

风蚀是中国北方脆弱生态系统土壤质量退化和沙漠化的关键因素。文章基于土壤剖面普查和土壤侵蚀遥感调查数据,计算出风蚀土壤有机碳的侵蚀量和空间分布,并与风蚀区的净第一性生产力(NPP)比较。结果发现土壤风蚀区的一个显著特征是表层土壤有机质含量较小,并且随着土壤风蚀强度的增加,相应的表层土壤平均有机质含量和NPP基本上逐渐减小,而相应的土壤有机碳的侵蚀量却明显增大。在中国北方严重风蚀的脆弱生态区,土壤有机碳的侵蚀量超过了NPP,风蚀影响了生态系统的正常碳循环。     

矿山环境中（重）金属的释放迁移地球化学及其环境效应

矿山开发引起的环境问题是全球性的问题，越来越受到人们的重视，已成为环境地球化学研究的一个重要领域，通过对矿山环境地球化学过程的研究，可以揭示矿山开发影响环境的过程机理，对研究元素循环、矿山修复、环境评价及生态效应等具有重要意义，本文对国内外矿山环境中（重）金属的释放迁移地球化学过程及其环境效应的研究进行了综述。     

两次斜压锋生类强对流过程对比分析

利用常规气象观测资料、加密自动站资料及NCEP再分析资料,对2019年春季江西两次强对流天气(以下简称"3·21"、"4·9"过程)作对比分析.结果表明:①两次过程都由冷空气进入地面倒槽触发,"3·21"过程冷暖空气的辐合明显;"4·9"过程锋面辐合较弱,冷锋移动快.②"3·21"过程对流发生时湿层更深厚,对流层高层高...