Permeability hysterisis of limestone during isotropic compression

The evolution of permeability hysterisis in Indiana Limestone during application of isotropic confining pressures up to 60 MPa was measured by conducting one-dimensional constant flow rate tests. These tests were carried out either during monotonic application of the confining pressure or during loading-partial unloading cycles. Irreversible permeability changes occurred during both monotonic and repeated incremental compression of the limestone. Mathematical relationships are developed for describing the evolution of path-dependent permeability during isotropic compression.     

Arsenic and trace metal contents in sediment profiles from the Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica

Admiralty Bay (Antarctica) hosts three scientific stations (Ferraz, Arctowski and Macchu Picchu), which require the use of fossil fuel as an energy source. Fossil fuels are also considered the main source of pollution in the area, representing important inputs of major pollutants (organic compounds) and trace metals and metalloids of environmental interest. Accordingly, this work presents the results of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in sediment profiles from Admiralty Bay. The sediment results from Ferraz station were slightly higher than the other sampling sites. The highest contents were observed for Cu and Zn (from 44 to 89 mg kg⁻¹). Otherwise, by using enrichment factors and geochronology analysis, the most relevant enrichment was observed for As in the samples collected close to the Ferraz station, indicating that increasing As content may be associated with the activities associated with this site.     

Microbiological and physicochemical analysis of the coastal waters of southern Brazil

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of sewage discharge on coastal waters by evaluating the influence of physicochemical parameters on the presence of enteric microorganisms in seawater samples collected from 11 beaches in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, over a one-year period (August 2009 to July 2010). Samples were assessed for the presence of human adenoviruses (HAdV), polyomavirus (JCPyV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and noroviruses (HuNoV GI and GII). Escherichia coli and physicochemical parameters (salinity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen) were also evaluated. From the 132 samples analyzed, 55% were positive for HAdV, 51.5% for HAV, 7.5% for HuNoV GI, 4.5% for HuNoV GII, and 3% for JCPyV. E. coli levels ranged from 8 to 1325 CFU/100mL at all sites. The overall results highlight the problem of sewage discharge into coastal waters and confirm that there is no correlation between viral presence and bacterial contamination.     

Symbiont-specific responses in foraminifera to the herbicide diuron

The effects of the photosystem II (PSII) herbicide diuron was assessed on thirteen tropical foraminifera hosting diatom, dinoflagellate, red or green algae endosymbionts. Inhibition of photosynthesis (reduced ΔF/F(m)(')) by diuron depended on both symbiont type and test ultrastructure, with greatest sensitivity observed for diatom- and chlorophyte-hosting species (24h IC(25) 2.5-4μg L(-1)). Inhibition kinetics was slow (24-48h until maximum inhibition) in comparison with corals, suggesting structural differences may influence herbicide uptake and transport. Although foraminifera were generally less sensitive to direct effects of diuron (inhibition ΔF/F(m)(')) than other marine phototrophs, damage to PSII (reduction F(v)/F(m)) occurred at concentrations lower than observed for other organisms (24h IC(25) 3-12μg L(-1)). Damage to PSII was highly light dependent and occurred at very low light intensities indicating limited photoprotective capacity. The high diversity, widespread occurrence and relative sensitivity make foraminifera good bioindicator organisms to evaluate phytotoxic stress on coral reefs.     

青藏高原近地层热量湍流系数的实验分析

本文着重研究青藏高原近地层的湍流结构。使用梯度观测和热量平衡方法,确定了感热湍流系数(Kh)表达式中的无量纲系数1/ψmψh,并表明它与W.O.Pruitt等人的结果相当一致。本文还计算了睛天和多云条件下1米高度上感热湍流系数,最后比较了高原和低海拔平原上感热湍流系数与动量湍流系数的比值αT。     

莱阳凹陷莱阳群黑色页岩氧化还原敏感微量元素特征与有机质富集的控制因素

咸化湖盆泥岩和页岩的地球化学特征对咸化烃源岩的形成条件和沉积环境具有重要指示意义。对山东莱阳凹陷下白垩统莱阳群泥岩和页岩的氧化还原敏感微量元素(RSE,包括Mo、Cr、Zn、Cu、Ni、Co、V、As、U和Th)和总有机碳(TOC)进行分析,旨在恢复研究区氧化还原环境和探讨盐湖有机质富集的控制因素。研究结果显示,瓦屋夼组和止凤庄组泥岩的TOC含量较低,RSE没有明显富集,RSE及其比值(U/Th、Cu/Zn、V/Cr和Ni/Co)反映该沉积时期为氧化环境;水南组黑色泥页岩的TOC含量骤增,RSE显著富集,反映该沉积时期为弱还原环境;龙旺庄组和曲格庄组TOC含量迅速减小,RSE含量较低,反映该沉积时期为富氧环境。水南组黑色页岩有机质的富集与古气候、古生产力、古盐度和氧化还原条件等综合因素有关,其中古气候是导致古生产力、古盐度和氧化还原条件等因素变化的主控因素。     

对某城市测量控制网的分析和扩展研究

本文通过某市城区已有测量控制网的分析,提出了该城区测量控制网的改建发展方案,对提出的各方案进行了详细的分析和比较,并对该城市区测量控制网的发展进行了规划,对该市测量控制网的改建发展和开展地籍测量工作具有指导意义,同时对其他中小城市测量控制网的改建与布设有一定的参改价值。