寒区大坝心墙土料冬季冻融与防控监测

两河口水电站是雅砻江干流规划开发中的中游控制性龙头电站,大坝为300米级砾石土心墙堆石坝。由于地处川西高原气候区,冬季气候寒冷干燥,大坝心墙土料填筑过程中面临着冻融问题的困扰。基于一个完整冬季的现场监测,系统分析了这一寒区大坝心墙建筑过程中砾石土、接触黏土土料温度变化规律、冻融特征与影响因素以及现有保温措施防冻效果。结果表明,无保温措施条件下,砾石土、接触黏土均出现了负温冻结现象,其中砾石土最大冻结深度达20 cm,接触黏土达14 cm,土料冻结持续时间不超过1个昼夜,为短时冻土。土料降温冻结过程以与外界大气对流换热过程为主,受气温、风速条件影响显著,波动范围较大,而升温融化过程以太阳辐射增温过程为主,与有效辐射起始时间密切相关,因此波动范围较小。监测期内,采用三布两膜保温材料覆盖可有效防止心墙土料冻结的发生,有、无保温材料覆盖条件下浅层土料最低温度可相差约5℃。结合监测结果和现场实际,建议将现有心墙防渗土料半幅填筑方式转换为全幅填筑,并研发轻质、憎水保温材料及其快速收放机械设备,以提高填筑作业进度、强化防冻效果。系统完整的现场实测结果,可为未来寒区水电大坝建设提供基础数据和参考。     

致密砂岩气储层有效性识别和定量评价 ——以鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界山西组一段为例

储层有效性识别和定量评价是制约致密砂岩油气勘探的关键难题。以鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界山西组一段为研究对象,从储层非均质性研究入手,开展砂岩微观—岩芯—测井尺度的细致观测,将含气储层砂岩划分为三种主要的岩石相,其中贫塑性颗粒岩屑石英砂岩构成了物性和含气性相对较好的有效储集岩石。运用薄片和岩芯数据标定不同岩石相的常规测井响应,建立了基于主成分统计分析的有效储集岩石测井识别模型,认识了有效储层的空间分布规律。将储层有效性研究从微观尺度的岩石相描述拓展到宏观尺度的量化表征,实现了致密砂岩气有效储集空间分布的定量评价。     

洛宁七里坪多金属矿直流激电测深方法的应用效果研究

直流激电测深方法的应用,使得物探技术变得更加简捷、高效和经济。本文介绍了直流激电测深技术在洛宁七里坪多金属矿勘探中初步研究与应用结果,讨论了该技术的原理和操作方法,详细阐述了该技术应用于矿产资源勘察的技术原理与科学依据、操作装置与数据采集、观测仪器与系统控制、数据处理与层析算法、极化方式与参数计算、技术特点与注意事项等。     

基于小波分析的宿州地区暴雨时空分布特征

利用宿州地区5个气象观测站1981—2015年的逐日降水资料,将Morlet小波分析方法应用于宿州地区年暴雨发生频次的统计分析,提取其时间序列的振荡周期,考察在不同时段上的变化特征;运用Mann-Kendall (M-K)非参数检验,对宿州地区35 a来的暴雨日及暴雨量进行了时间序列的特征分析和突变检验。结果表明:宿州地区1981—2015年暴雨日具有南多北少的特点,集中发生期为6—8月;近35 a来宿州地区暴雨日和年总暴雨量年际波动虽然较大,但总体呈上升趋势;宿州暴雨发生频次存在多重时间周期尺度上的嵌套复杂结构,存在着5~12 a、3~7 a的短期周期变化规律,1998年以后生成的5 a左右的震荡周期及27 a左右的中期震荡周期;宿州暴雨在2002年发生显著突变,至2008年,增加趋势接近α=0. 05上显著性水平的临界线,2008年以后又缓慢减少。     

对某城市测量控制网的分析和扩展研究

本文通过某市城区已有测量控制网的分析,提出了该城区测量控制网的改建发展方案,对提出的各方案进行了详细的分析和比较,并对该城市区测量控制网的发展进行了规划,对该市测量控制网的改建发展和开展地籍测量工作具有指导意义,同时对其他中小城市测量控制网的改建与布设有一定的参改价值。     

Arsenic and trace metal contents in sediment profiles from the Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica

Admiralty Bay (Antarctica) hosts three scientific stations (Ferraz, Arctowski and Macchu Picchu), which require the use of fossil fuel as an energy source. Fossil fuels are also considered the main source of pollution in the area, representing important inputs of major pollutants (organic compounds) and trace metals and metalloids of environmental interest. Accordingly, this work presents the results of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in sediment profiles from Admiralty Bay. The sediment results from Ferraz station were slightly higher than the other sampling sites. The highest contents were observed for Cu and Zn (from 44 to 89 mg kg⁻¹). Otherwise, by using enrichment factors and geochronology analysis, the most relevant enrichment was observed for As in the samples collected close to the Ferraz station, indicating that increasing As content may be associated with the activities associated with this site.     

Microbiological and physicochemical analysis of the coastal waters of southern Brazil

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of sewage discharge on coastal waters by evaluating the influence of physicochemical parameters on the presence of enteric microorganisms in seawater samples collected from 11 beaches in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, over a one-year period (August 2009 to July 2010). Samples were assessed for the presence of human adenoviruses (HAdV), polyomavirus (JCPyV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and noroviruses (HuNoV GI and GII). Escherichia coli and physicochemical parameters (salinity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen) were also evaluated. From the 132 samples analyzed, 55% were positive for HAdV, 51.5% for HAV, 7.5% for HuNoV GI, 4.5% for HuNoV GII, and 3% for JCPyV. E. coli levels ranged from 8 to 1325 CFU/100mL at all sites. The overall results highlight the problem of sewage discharge into coastal waters and confirm that there is no correlation between viral presence and bacterial contamination.